PCBs 16-zitanga ibintu bigoye kandi byoroshye bisabwa nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho. Igishushanyo mbonera no guhitamo uburyo bwo gutondekanya hamwe nuburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku mikorere myiza yubuyobozi. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura ibitekerezo, umurongo ngenderwaho, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gufasha abashushanya naba injeniyeri gukora ibibaho bikora neza kandi byizewe.

1.Gusobanukirwa Ibyibanze bya 16 layer PCBs Ikurikirana

1.1 Ibisobanuro n'intego yo gutondekanya gahunda

Ikurikiranyabihe ryerekana uburyo hamwe nuburyo ibikoresho nkumuringa hamwe nudukingirizo byashyizwe hamwe kugirango bibe ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyinshi. Urutonde rukurikirana rugena ishyirwaho ryibimenyetso, ibice byamashanyarazi, ibice byubutaka, nibindi bice byingenzi muri ikirindiro.
Intego nyamukuru yuburyo bukurikirana ni ukugera kubintu bikenewe byamashanyarazi nubukanishi. Ifite uruhare runini muguhitamo inzitizi yumuzunguruko, ubudahangarwa bwibimenyetso, gukwirakwiza ingufu, gucunga amashyuza, hamwe ninganda zishoboka. Urutonde rukurikirana kandi rugira ingaruka kumikorere rusange, kwizerwa, no gukora mubuyobozi.

1.2 Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumurongo wikurikiranya: Hariho ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe utegura urutonde rwa a

16-PCB:

a) Ibitekerezo by'amashanyarazi:Imiterere yikimenyetso, imbaraga, nindege zubutaka bigomba kunozwa kugirango hamenyekane neza ibimenyetso byuzuye, kugenzura inzitizi, no kugabanya kwivanga kwa electronique.
b) Ibitekerezo byubushyuhe:Gushyira ingufu hamwe nindege zubutaka hamwe no gushiramo vias yumuriro bifasha gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza no kugumana ubushyuhe bwiza bwimikorere yibigize.
c) Inzitizi zo gukora:Urutonde rukurikirana rwatoranijwe rugomba kuzirikana ubushobozi nimbogamizi zuburyo bwo gukora PCB, nkibikoresho biboneka, umubare wibice, igipimo cyimyitozo,no guhuza neza.
d) Gukwirakwiza ibiciro:Guhitamo ibikoresho, umubare wibice, hamwe na stack-up bigoye bigomba kuba bihuye ningengo yimishinga mugihe byemeza imikorere isabwa kandi yizewe.

1.3 Ubwoko busanzwe bwibice 16 byumuzunguruko wikurikiranya: Hariho ibintu byinshi bisanzwe bikurikirana kuri 16-layer

PCB, ukurikije imikorere wifuza n'ibisabwa. Ingero zimwe zisanzwe zirimo:

a) Urutonde rukurikiranye:Uru ruhererekane rurimo gushyira ibice byerekana ibimenyetso hagati yububasha nubutaka kugirango ugere ku bimenyetso byiza byerekana neza, umuhanda muto, hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye.
b) Urutonde rukurikiranye:Muri uru ruhererekane, ibimenyetso byerekana bikurikiranye hagati yimbaraga nubutaka. Itanga igenzura ryinshi kuri gahunda kandi ni ingirakamaro mu kuzuza ibimenyetso byihariye bisabwa.
c) Urutonde ruvanze rwo gutondekanya:Ibi birimo guhuza ibipimo bifatika kandi bikurikirana. Iremera kwihindura no gutezimbere imiterere kubice byihariye byubuyobozi.
d) Ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bikurikirana:Uru ruhererekane rushyira ibimenyetso byoroshye hafi yindege yubutaka kugirango urusheho gukingira urusaku no kwigunga.

2.Kuzirikana Ibice 16 bya PCB Guhitamo Urukurikirane ：

2.1 Ibimenyetso byerekana ubunyangamugayo no gutekereza ku busugire bwimbaraga:

Ikurikiranyabihe rifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bimenyetso byerekana uburinganire n'imbaraga z'ubuyobozi. Gushyira neza ibimenyetso hamwe nimbaraga / indege zubutaka ningirakamaro kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zo kugoreka ibimenyetso, urusaku, no kuvanga amashanyarazi. Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo:

a) Ikimenyetso cyerekana ibimenyetso:Ibimenyetso byihuta byihuta bigomba gushyirwa hafi yindege yubutaka kugirango bitange inzira yo kugaruka kwinshi kandi bigabanye urusaku. Ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso nabyo bigomba gushyirwaho neza kugirango ugabanye ibimenyetso bya skew hamwe nuburebure buhuye.
b) Ikwirakwizwa ry'indege z'amashanyarazi:Urutonde rukurikirana rugomba kwemeza gukwirakwiza ingufu zindege zihagije kugirango zunganire ingufu. Imbaraga zihagije nindege zubutaka bigomba gushyirwaho muburyo bwo kugabanya ibitonyanga bya voltage, guhagarika inzitizi, hamwe no guhuza urusaku.
c) Gukuramo ubushobozi:Gushyira neza ubushobozi bwa decoupling nibyingenzi kugirango habeho ihererekanyabubasha rihagije no kugabanya urusaku rwamashanyarazi. Urutonde rukurikirana rugomba gutanga hafi no kuba hafi ya capacator ziva kumashanyarazi nindege zubutaka.

2.2 Gucunga ubushyuhe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe:

Gucunga neza ubushyuhe nibyingenzi kugirango habeho kwizerwa ryumuzunguruko no gukora. Urutonde rukurikirana rugomba kuzirikana gushyira ingufu zindege nindege zubutaka, vias yumuriro, nubundi buryo bwo gukonjesha. Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo:

a) Ikwirakwizwa ry'indege z'ingufu:Ikwirakwizwa rihagije ryingufu nindege zubutaka murwego rwose bifasha guhuza ubushyuhe kure yibice byoroshye kandi bigatuma ubushyuhe bukwirakwizwa muburyo bwose.
b) Ubushuhe bwa Thermal:Urutonde rukurikiranye rugomba kwemerera ubushyuhe bwiza binyuze mumwanya kugirango byorohereze ubushyuhe kuva murwego rwimbere kugeza kurwego rwinyuma cyangwa ubushyuhe. Ibi bifasha gukumira ahantu hashyushye kandi bigatanga ubushyuhe bwiza.
c) Gushyira ibice:Urutonde rukurikiranye rugomba gusuzuma gahunda no kuba hafi yubushyuhe kugirango wirinde gushyuha. Guhuza neza ibice hamwe nuburyo bwo gukonjesha nkubushyuhe cyangwa abafana nabyo bigomba kwitabwaho.

2.3 Inzitizi zo gukora no gutezimbere ibiciro:

Urutonde rukurikirana rugomba kuzirikana imbogamizi zogukora no gutezimbere ibiciro, kuko bigira uruhare runini mubishoboka kandi bihendutse byubuyobozi. Ibitekerezo birimo:

a) Kuboneka kw'ibikoresho:Ikurikiranyabihe ryatoranijwe rigomba kuba rihuye no kuboneka kw'ibikoresho no guhuza ibikorwa byatoranijwe byo gukora PCB.
b) Umubare wibice kandi bigoye:Urutonde rukurikirana rugomba gutegurwa mu mbogamizi zikorwa byatoranijwe byo gukora PCB, hitabwa ku bintu nk’umubare w’ibice, igipimo cy’imyitozo, hamwe n’ukuri guhuza.
c) Kunoza ibiciro:Urutonde rukurikirana rugomba guhitamo gukoresha ibikoresho no kugabanya inganda zikora bitabangamiye imikorere isabwa kandi yizewe. Igomba kugabanya kugabanya ibiciro bijyanye n imyanda, ibintu bigoye no guterana.

2.4 Guhuza ibice no kwerekana ibimenyetso:

Urutonde rukurikirana rugomba gukemura ibibazo byo guhuza ibice no kugabanya ibimenyetso byambukiranya bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi mubusugire bwibimenyetso. Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo:

a) Gutondekanya ibimenyetso:Gutondekanya ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso hagati yububasha nubutaka bifasha kugabanya guhuza no kugabanya inzira nyabagendwa.
b) Guhuza ibice bitandukanye:Ikurikiranyabihe rigomba kwemerera ibimenyetso byerekana guhuza neza kugirango bikore neza inzira yihuta yihuta. Ibi bifasha kugumana ibimenyetso byuzuye no kugabanya inzira nyabagendwa.
c) Gutandukanya ibimenyetso:Urutonde rukurikirana rugomba gutekereza gutandukanya ibigereranyo byoroshye hamwe nibimenyetso bya digitale kugirango bigabanye inzira no kwivanga.

2.5 Kugenzura Impedance no guhuza RF / microwave:

Kuri porogaramu ya RF / microwave, urutonde rukurikirana ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku kugenzura neza no kwishyira hamwe. Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo:

a) Kugenzura inzitizi:Urutonde rukurikiranye rugomba kwemerera igishushanyo mbonera cyagenzuwe, hitabwa ku bintu nk'ubugari bw'imiterere, uburebure bwa dielectric, hamwe na gahunda. Ibi byerekana neza ibimenyetso byo gukwirakwiza no guhuza ibimenyetso bya RF / microwave.
b) Gushyira ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso:Ibimenyetso bya RF / microwave bigomba gushyirwa mubikorwa hafi yinyuma kugirango hagabanuke kwivanga mubindi bimenyetso no gutanga ibimenyetso byiza.
c) Ingabo za RFI:Urutonde rukurikirana rugomba kubamo gushyira neza ubutaka no gukingira ibice kugirango bitandukane kandi birinde ibimenyetso bya RF / microwave kutivanga.

3.Uburyo bwo Guhuza Abakinnyi

3.1 Binyuze mu mwobo, ibyobo bihumye hamwe n’imyobo yashyinguwe:

Vias ikoreshwa cyane mubishushanyo mbonera byacapwe (PCB) nkuburyo bwo guhuza ibice bitandukanye. Bacukuwe umwobo unyuze mubice byose bya PCB kandi byashyizweho kugirango bitange amashanyarazi. Binyuze mu mwobo utanga amashanyarazi akomeye kandi byoroshye gukora no gusana. Ariko, bakeneye ubunini bunini bwa drill bit, bifata umwanya wingenzi kuri PCB kandi bigabanya inzira zo guhitamo.
Impumyi kandi zishyinguwe nubundi buryo bwo guhuza uburyo butanga inyungu mugukoresha umwanya no guhinduranya ibintu.
Impumyi zimpumyi zacukuwe hejuru ya PCB zirangirira mubice byimbere bitanyuze mubice byose. Bemerera guhuza hagati yegeranye mugihe basize ibice byimbitse bitagize ingaruka. Ibi bituma habaho gukoresha neza umwanya wibibaho kandi bikagabanya umubare wibyobo. Ku rundi ruhande, vias yashyinguwe, ni ibyobo bifunze rwose mubice byimbere bya PCB kandi ntibigere no hanze. Zitanga amasano hagati yimbere itagize ingaruka kumurongo winyuma. Gushyingura vias bifite ibyiza byo kuzigama umwanya kuruta kunyura mu mwobo na viasi zihumye kuko zidafata umwanya uwo ari wo wose murwego rwo hanze.
Guhitamo unyuze mu mwobo, impumyi zihumye, hamwe na vias zashyinguwe biterwa nibisabwa byihariye byubushakashatsi bwa PCB. Binyuze mu mwobo bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubishushanyo byoroshye cyangwa aho gukomera no gusana aribibazo byibanze. Mu bishushanyo mbonera cyane aho umwanya ari ikintu gikomeye, nkibikoresho byabigenewe, telefone zigendanwa, na mudasobwa zigendanwa, impumyi kandi zishyinguwe zirahitamo.

3.2 Micropore naIkoranabuhanga rya HDI:

Microvias ni umwobo muto wa diameter (mubisanzwe munsi ya microne 150) itanga imiyoboro ihanitse ihuza PCBs. Zitanga ibyiza byingenzi muri miniaturizasiya, ubunyangamugayo bwibimenyetso no guhinduka.
Microviya irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: binyuze mumyobo mikorobe na microviya zihumye. Microvias yubatswe no gucukura umwobo uva hejuru ya PCB kandi ikaguka mubice byose. Microviya ihumye, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, gusa igera kumurongo wimbere kandi ntucengera mubice byose.
Umuyoboro mwinshi cyane (HDI) ni tekinoroji ikoresha microvias hamwe nubuhanga buhanitse bwo gukora kugirango ugere kumurongo mwinshi no mumikorere. Ikoranabuhanga rya HDI ryemerera gushyira ibice bito no kugendagenda neza, bikavamo ibintu bito bito hamwe nuburinganire bwikirenga. Ikoranabuhanga rya HDI ritanga inyungu nyinshi kurenza tekinoroji ya PCB muburyo bwa miniaturizasiya, kunoza ikwirakwizwa ryibimenyetso, kugabanya kugoreka ibimenyetso, no kongera imikorere. Iremera ibishushanyo byinshi hamwe na microviya nyinshi, bityo bigabanya uburebure bwimikoranire no kugabanya ubushobozi bwa parasitike na inductance.
Ikoranabuhanga rya HDI rifasha kandi gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho nka laminates-yumurongo mwinshi hamwe na dielectric layer yoroheje, ari ingenzi kubikorwa bya RF / microwave. Itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura, igabanya gutakaza ibimenyetso kandi ikanatanga ibimenyetso byihuta byihuta.

3.3 Ibikoresho byo guhuza ibikorwa hamwe nibikorwa:

Guhitamo ibikoresho bya tekinoroji hamwe nubuhanga nibyingenzi kugirango habeho gukora neza amashanyarazi, kwizerwa kwa mashini no gukora PCBs. Bimwe mubisanzwe bikoreshwa ibikoresho bihuza hamwe nubuhanga ni:

a) Umuringa:Umuringa ukoreshwa cyane mubice byayobora hamwe na PC ya PCBs kubera ubwiza bwayo bwiza kandi bugurishwa. Mubisanzwe byashyizwe kumwobo kugirango bitange amashanyarazi yizewe.
b) Kugurisha:Tekinike yo kugurisha, nko kugurisha imiraba cyangwa kugurisha ibicuruzwa, akenshi bikoreshwa muguhuza amashanyarazi hagati yumwobo kuri PCBs nibindi bice. Koresha ibicuruzwa byabugenewe unyuze hanyuma ushyire ubushyuhe kugirango ushonge uwagurishije hanyuma ukore ihuza ryizewe.
c) Amashanyarazi:Tekinoroji ya elegitoronike nka plaque idafite umuringa cyangwa umuringa wa electrolytique ikoreshwa mugushira vias kugirango wongere imbaraga kandi uhuze amashanyarazi neza.
d) Guhuza:Tekinike yo guhuza, nko gufatira hamwe cyangwa guhuza thermocompression, ikoreshwa muguhuza ibyiciro hamwe no gukora imikoranire yizewe.
e) Ibikoresho bya dielectric:Guhitamo ibikoresho bya dielectric kuri PCB stackup ningirakamaro kubihuza. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa laminates nka FR-4 cyangwa Rogers laminates ikoreshwa kenshi kugirango ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso kandi bigabanye gutakaza ibimenyetso.

3.4 Igishushanyo mbonera n'ibisobanuro:

Igishushanyo mbonera cyibice bya PCB bigena imiterere yamashanyarazi nubukanishi bwihuza hagati yinzego. Ibyingenzi byingenzi kubitekerezo byambukiranya ibice birimo:

a) Gahunda y'inzego:Gutondekanya ibimenyetso, imbaraga, nindege zubutaka mububiko bwa PCB bigira ingaruka mubusugire bwibimenyetso, ubunyangamugayo bwimbaraga, no kwivanga kwa electronique (EMI). Gushyira neza no guhuza ibice byerekana ibimenyetso hamwe nimbaraga nindege zubutaka bifasha kugabanya guhuza urusaku no kwemeza inzira yo kugaruka kwinshi.
b) Igenzura ry'inzitizi:Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kuzirikana ibisabwa bigenzurwa cyane cyane kubimenyetso byihuta byihuta cyangwa ibimenyetso bya RF / microwave. Ibi bikubiyemo guhitamo neza ibikoresho bya dielectric nubunini kugirango ugere kubintu byifuzwa biranga inzitizi.
c) Imicungire yubushyuhe:Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gutekereza ku gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no gucunga neza ubushyuhe. Gushyira neza ingufu nindege zubutaka, vias yumuriro, nibice bifite uburyo bwo gukonjesha (nka sinks) bifasha gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no gukomeza ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora.
d) Kwizerwa kwa mashini:Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gutekereza ku buryo bwizewe, cyane cyane mubisabwa bishobora gukorerwa umukino wo gusiganwa ku magare cyangwa guhangayika. Guhitamo neza ibikoresho, tekinoroji yo guhuza, hamwe nibikoresho bya stackup bifasha kwemeza uburinganire bwimiterere nigihe kirekire cya PCB.

4.Gushiraho Amabwiriza ya 16-Layeri PCB

4.1 Gutanga no kugabana:

Mugihe utegura ibice 16 byumuzunguruko, ni ngombwa kugabura neza no gukwirakwiza ibice kugirango uhindure imikorere nibimenyetso byuzuye. Hano hari amabwiriza ngenderwaho yo kugabana urwego
no gukwirakwiza:

Menya umubare wibimenyetso bisabwa:
Reba ubunini bwibishushanyo mbonera byumubare numubare wibimenyetso bigomba guhindurwa. Tanga ibimenyetso bihagije kugirango uhuze ibimenyetso byose bisabwa, urebe umwanya uhagije wo kunyuramo kandi wirinde gukabyaubwinshi. Shinga indege n'ubutaka:
Shyira byibuze ibice bibiri by'imbere kubutaka n'indege. Indege y'ubutaka ifasha gutanga ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ibimenyetso kandi bigabanya ingufu za electronique (EMI). Indege yamashanyarazi itanga umuyoboro muke wo gukwirakwiza imbaraga zifasha kugabanya umuvuduko wa voltage.
Gutandukanya ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso:
Ukurikije porogaramu, birashobora kuba ngombwa gutandukanya ibimenyetso byihuta cyangwa byihuta byerekana ibimenyetso byurusaku cyangwa imbaraga nyinshi kugirango wirinde kwivanga no kunyura. Ibi birashobora gukorwa mugushira hasi cyangwa indege zabigenewe cyangwa gukoresha ibice byo kwigunga.
Kwirakwiza kuringaniza ibimenyetso:
Gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso byerekana neza kuringaniza ikibaho kugirango ugabanye guhuza ibimenyetso byegeranye kandi ukomeze ubudakemwa bwibimenyetso. Irinde gushyira ibimenyetso byerekana iruhande rwumwanya umwe kugirango ugabanye inzira nyabagendwa.
Reba ibimenyetso byihuta cyane:
Niba igishushanyo cyawe kirimo ibimenyetso byihuta cyane, tekereza gushyira ibimenyetso byihuta byerekana ibimenyetso byegereye ibice byo hanze kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zogukwirakwiza no kugabanya gutinda gukwirakwizwa.

4.2 Inzira n'ibimenyetso byerekana:

Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ibimenyetso nibyingenzi kugirango tumenye neza ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso kandi bigabanye kwivanga. Hano hari umurongo ngenderwaho muburyo bwo gutondeka no kwerekana ibimenyetso kumurongo wibice 16 byumuzunguruko:

Koresha inzira nini kubimenyetso bihanitse:
Kubimenyetso bitwara amashanyarazi maremare, nkimbaraga nubutaka, koresha inzira nini kugirango ugabanye guhangana nigabanuka rya voltage.
Guhuza inzitizi kubimenyetso byihuse:
Kubimenyetso byihuta cyane, menya neza ko inzitizi yikurikiranya ihuye nimbogamizi iranga umurongo wohereza kugirango wirinde gutekereza no kwerekana ibimenyetso. Koresha tekinoroji yubushakashatsi bugenzurwa kandi ukosore imibare yubugari.
Mugabanye uburebure bwumurongo hamwe ningingo zambukiranya:
Komeza uburebure burebure bushoboka kandi ugabanye umubare wambukiranya imipaka kugirango ugabanye ubushobozi bwa parasitike, inductance, hamwe no kwivanga. Hindura uburyo bwo gushyira ibice hanyuma ukoreshe inzira yihariye kugirango wirinde inzira ndende, igoye.
Tandukanya ibimenyetso byihuta kandi byihuta:
Tandukanya ibimenyetso byihuta kandi byihuta kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zurusaku kubimenyetso byihuse. Shira ibimenyetso byihuta cyane kubimenyetso byabigenewe kandi ubigumane kure yingufu nyinshi cyangwa urusaku.
Koresha ibice bibiri kubimenyetso byihuta:
Kugabanya urusaku no gukomeza ubunyangamugayo bwibimenyetso byihuse byihuta, koresha uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza inzira. Komeza impedance hamwe nuburebure bwibintu bitandukanye bihuye kugirango wirinde ibimenyetso byerekanwa hamwe.

4.3 Igice cyo hasi no gukwirakwiza ingufu:

Gukwirakwiza neza indege nubutaka ningirakamaro kugirango umuntu agere ku busugire bwiza no kugabanya amashanyarazi. Hano hari umurongo ngenderwaho kubikorwa byindege nubutaka kumurongo wibice 16 byumuzunguruko:

Tanga indege zabugenewe n'imbaraga:
Kugabura byibuze ibice bibiri byimbere kubutaka bwihariye nindege zimbaraga. Ibi bifasha kugabanya imirongo yubutaka, kugabanya EMI, no gutanga inzira-yo kugaruka kumuyoboro mwinshi wibimenyetso byinshi.
Tandukanya indege ya digitale na analog:
Niba igishushanyo gifite ibice na digitale, birasabwa kugira indege zubutaka zitandukanye kuri buri gice. Ibi bifasha kugabanya urusaku ruri hagati ya digitale na analog kandi bigateza imbere ubunyangamugayo.
Shira hasi nububasha bwindege hafi yindege zerekana:
Shyira hasi nububasha bwindege hafi yindege zerekana bagaburira kugirango ugabanye ahantu hahanamye kandi ugabanye urusaku.
Koresha vias nyinshi zindege zingufu:
Koresha vias nyinshi kugirango uhuze indege zingufu kugirango ugabanye ingufu kandi ugabanye impanuka yindege. Ibi bifasha kugabanya kugabanuka kwa voltage kugabanuka no kunoza uburinganire bwimbaraga.
Irinde amajosi magufi mu ndege z'amashanyarazi:
Irinde amajosi magufi mu ndege z'amashanyarazi kuko zishobora gutera abantu benshi kandi bikongerera imbaraga, bikaviramo kugabanuka kwa voltage hamwe no kudakora neza kw'indege. Koresha amasano akomeye hagati yindege zitandukanye.

4.4 Ubushyuhe bwumuriro kandi binyuze mumwanya:

Gushyira neza amashanyarazi hamwe na vias nibyingenzi kugirango ugabanye neza ubushyuhe no kwirinda ibice gushyuha. Hano hari amabwiriza ngenderwaho ya padiri yumuriro no kubishyira kumurongo wibice 16 byumuzunguruko:

Shira ipasi yumuriro munsi yibice bitanga ubushyuhe:
Menya ibice bitanga ubushyuhe (nka power amplifier cyangwa power power IC) hanyuma ushire padiri yumuriro munsi yacyo. Amashanyarazi yumuriro atanga inzira yubushyuhe itaziguye yo kohereza ubushyuhe murwego rwimbere rwubushyuhe.
Koresha amashanyarazi menshi kugirango ushushe ubushyuhe:
Koresha amashanyarazi menshi kugirango uhuze urwego rwumuriro nububiko bwo hanze kugirango utange ubushyuhe bwiza. Iyi vias irashobora gushyirwa muburyo butangaje hafi yumuriro kugirango ugere no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Suzuma impedance yumuriro hamwe na stackup:
Mugihe utegura ibice byumuriro, tekereza kubushyuhe bwumuriro wibikoresho byubuyobozi hamwe na stackup. Koresha neza ukoresheje ubunini n'umwanya kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwumuriro kandi ugabanye ubushyuhe bwinshi.

4.5 Gushyira Ibigize hamwe nuburinganire bwikimenyetso:

Gushyira ibice bikwiye ni ngombwa kugirango ubungabunge ibimenyetso kandi bigabanye kwivanga. Hano hari umurongo ngenderwaho wo gushyira ibice kumurongo wibice 16 byumuzunguruko:

Ibice bifitanye isano nitsinda:
Itsinda rifitanye isano nitsinda rigizwe na sisitemu imwe cyangwa ifite amashanyarazi akomeye. Ibi bigabanya uburebure bwumurongo kandi bigabanya ibimenyetso byerekana.
Komeza ibice byihuta byihuta:
Shyira ibice byihuta cyane, nka oscillator nyinshi cyangwa microcontrollers, hafi yundi kugirango ugabanye uburebure bwumurongo kandi urebe neza ibimenyetso byukuri.
Mugabanye uburebure bwibimenyetso byingenzi:
Mugabanye uburebure bwibimenyetso byingenzi kugirango ugabanye gutinda gukwirakwizwa no kwerekana ibimenyetso. Shira ibyo bice hafi bishoboka.
Tandukanya ibice byoroshye:
Tandukanya ibice byumva urusaku, nkibigize analogi cyangwa sensor yo murwego rwo hasi, uhereye kumbaraga nyinshi cyangwa urusaku kugirango ugabanye kwivanga no gukomeza ubudakemwa bwibimenyetso.
Tekereza gukuramo ubushobozi:
Shyira capacitor ya decoupling hafi hashoboka kuri pin yamashanyarazi ya buri kintu kugirango utange ingufu zisukuye kandi ugabanye ihindagurika rya voltage. Izi capacator zifasha guhagarika amashanyarazi no kugabanya urusaku.

5.Ibikoresho byo kwigana no gusesengura kubishushanyo mbonera

5.1 Porogaramu yo kwerekana no kwigana 3D:

Porogaramu ya 3D yo kwerekana no kwigana ni igikoresho cyingenzi cyo gushushanya stackup kuko yemerera abashushanya gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bya PCB. Porogaramu irashobora kwiyumvisha ibice, ibigize, n'imikoranire yabyo. Mugereranya stackup, abashushanya barashobora kumenya ibibazo bishobora kuba nkibimenyetso byambukiranya ibimenyetso, EMI, nimbogamizi. Ifasha kandi kugenzura gahunda yibigize no guhuza igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB.

5.2 Ibikoresho byo gusesengura ubunyangamugayo:

Ibikoresho byo gusesengura ubunyangamugayo nibyingenzi mugusesengura no kunoza imikorere yamashanyarazi ya PCB. Ibi bikoresho bifashisha imibare ya algorithms yo kwigana no gusesengura imyitwarire yikimenyetso, harimo kugenzura inzitizi, kwerekana ibimenyetso, no guhuza urusaku. Mugukora kwigana no gusesengura, abashushanya barashobora kumenya ibibazo byerekana ibimenyetso byubusugire hakiri kare mugushushanya no kugira ibyo bahindura kugirango barebe ibimenyetso byizewe.

5.3 Ibikoresho byo gusesengura ubushyuhe:

Ibikoresho byo gusesengura ubushyuhe bigira uruhare runini mugushushanya stackup mu gusesengura no kunoza imicungire yubushyuhe ya PCBs. Ibi bikoresho bigereranya ubushyuhe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe muri buri cyiciro cya stack. Mugushushanya neza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu hamwe ninzira zohereza ubushyuhe, abashushanya barashobora kumenya ahantu hashyushye, guhitamo uburyo bwo gushyiramo umuringa hamwe na viyasi yumuriro, kandi bakemeza ko hakonje neza ibice byingenzi.

5.4 Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukora:

Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukora nikintu cyingenzi cyibishushanyo mbonera. Hariho ibikoresho bitandukanye bya software biboneka bishobora gufasha kwemeza ko stack-up yatoranijwe ishobora gukorwa neza. Ibi bikoresho bitanga ibitekerezo kubishoboka kugirango umuntu agere kumurongo wifuzwa, hitawe kubintu nko kuboneka kw'ibikoresho, ubunini bw'imiterere, uburyo bwo gukora, n'ibiciro byo gukora. Bafasha abashushanya gufata ibyemezo byuzuye kugirango borohereze ibicuruzwa kugirango borohereze inganda, kugabanya ingaruka zo gutinda, no kongera umusaruro.

6.Intambwe ku yindi Igishushanyo mbonera cya 16-PCBs

6.1 Icyegeranyo cya mbere gisabwa:

Muri iyi ntambwe, kusanya ibisabwa byose bikenewe kugirango igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB 16. Sobanukirwa imikorere ya PCB, isabwa gukora amashanyarazi, imbogamizi zikoreshwa, hamwe nubuyobozi bwihariye bwo gushushanya cyangwa ibipimo bigomba gukurikizwa.

6.2 Kugenera ibice no gutunganya:

Ukurikije ibisabwa, tanga ibice kuri PCB hanyuma umenye gahunda yabyo. Reba ibintu nkibimenyetso byubuziranenge, gutekereza kubushyuhe, hamwe nimbogamizi. Ibice bigize amatsinda ashingiye kubiranga amashanyarazi hanyuma ubishyire muburyo bwibibaho kugirango ugabanye kwivanga no guhuza ibimenyetso.

6.3 Igishushanyo mbonera no gukwirakwiza ibice:

Menya igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB igizwe na 16. Reba ibintu nka dielectric ihoraho, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, nigiciro cyo guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye. Shinga ibimenyetso, imbaraga, nindege zubutaka ukurikije ibisabwa byamashanyarazi. Shyira hasi hamwe nimbaraga zindege kugirango ubone urwego ruringaniye kandi utezimbere ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso.

6.4 Guhindura ibimenyetso no guhitamo inzira:

Muri iyi ntambwe, ibimenyetso byerekana inzira byanyuze hagati yibice kugirango harebwe neza uburyo bwo kugenzura inzitizi, ubunyangamugayo bwibimenyetso, no kugabanya ibimenyetso byambukiranya. Hindura inzira kugirango ugabanye uburebure bwibimenyetso bikomeye, irinde kurenga ibimenyetso byoroshye, kandi ukomeze gutandukanya ibimenyetso byihuta kandi byihuta. Koresha ibice bibiri bitandukanye kandi bigenzurwa na tekinoroji yo guhitamo igihe bikenewe.

6.5 Guhuza imiyoboro no kubishyira:

Tegura ishyirwaho rya vias ihuza ibice. Menya ibikwiye ukoresheje ubwoko, nko kunyura mu mwobo cyangwa umwobo uhumye, ukurikije inzibacyuho ihuza ibice. Hindura neza ukoresheje imiterere kugirango ugabanye ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, guhagarika inzitizi, kandi ukomeze no gukwirakwiza kuri PCB.

6.6 Kugenzura igishushanyo cya nyuma no kwigana:

Mbere yo gukora, kugenzura kwanyuma kugenzura no kwigana birakorwa. Koresha ibikoresho byigero kugirango usesengure ibishushanyo bya PCB kugirango uburinganire bwibimenyetso, uburinganire bwimbaraga, imyitwarire yubushyuhe, nibikorwa. Kugenzura igishushanyo kinyuranye nibisabwa hanyuma uhindure ibikenewe kugirango uhindure imikorere kandi urebe neza ko byakozwe.
Gufatanya no kuvugana nabandi bafatanyabikorwa nka ba injeniyeri b'amashanyarazi, abashinzwe imashini, hamwe nitsinda ryinganda mugihe cyogushushanya kugirango ibisabwa byose byuzuzwe kandi ibibazo bishobora gukemuka. Buri gihe usubiremo kandi usubiremo ibishushanyo kugirango ushiremo ibitekerezo nibitezimbere.

7.Inganda Imyitozo myiza hamwe nubushakashatsi

7.1 Imanza zatsinzwe zubushakashatsi bwa PCB 16:

Inyigo 1:Shenzhen Capel Technology Co., Ltd yateguye neza PCB igizwe na 16 kubikoresho byumuvuduko wihuse. Mugusuzuma witonze ubudakemwa bwibimenyetso no gukwirakwiza ingufu, bagera kumikorere isumba iyindi kandi bagabanya interineti ikora. Urufunguzo rwo gutsinda kwabo ni igishushanyo mbonera cya stack-up ukoresheje tekinoroji igenzurwa.

Inyigo ya 2:Shenzhen Capel Technology Co., Ltd yateguye PCB igizwe na 16 kubikoresho byubuvuzi bigoye. Mugukoresha uruvange rwubuso bwimisozi no kunyura mu mwobo, bageze ku gishushanyo mbonera ariko gikomeye. Gushyira ibice byitondewe hamwe ninzira nziza byerekana ibimenyetso byerekana neza ubunyangamugayo no kwizerwa.

7.2 Wigire kunanirwa kandi wirinde imitego:

Inyigo ya 1:Bamwe mubakora pcb bahuye nibibazo byubudahangarwa bwibimenyetso muburyo bwa 16 bwa PCB ibikoresho byitumanaho. Impamvu zo kunanirwa ntizari zihagije zo kugenzura inzitizi no kutagabana neza indege. Isomo twize ni ugusesengura witonze ibisabwa byerekana ubunyangamugayo no kubahiriza umurongo ngenderwaho wo kugenzura inzitizi.

Inyigo ya 2:Bamwe mubakora pcb bahuye nibibazo byo gukora hamwe na PCB yayo igizwe na 16 kubera igishushanyo mbonera. Gukoresha cyane impumyi za vias hamwe nibintu byuzuye bipakiye biganisha kubikorwa byo gukora no guterana. Isomo twize nugukora uburinganire hagati yubushakashatsi bugoye nubukorikori ukurikije ubushobozi bwumushinga watoranijwe wa PCB.

Kugira ngo wirinde imitego n'imitego 16 igizwe na PCB igizwe, ni ngombwa kuri:

a.Sobanukirwa neza ibisabwa nimbogamizi zishusho.
b.Ibikoresho byashizweho bitezimbere ibimenyetso byuzuye no gukwirakwiza ingufu. c.Kwirakwiza witonze kandi utegure ibice kugirango uhindure imikorere no koroshya inganda.
d.Kwemeza uburyo bukwiye bwo kuyobora, nko kugenzura inzitizi no kwirinda gukoresha cyane vias.
e.Korana kandi ushyikirane neza nabafatanyabikorwa bose bagize uruhare mugushushanya, harimo abashinzwe amashanyarazi nubukanishi hamwe nitsinda ryinganda.
f.Kora igishushanyo mbonera cyuzuye cyo kugenzura no kwigana kugirango umenye kandi ukosore ibibazo bishobora kubaho mbere yo gukora.