Isi ya elegitoroniki yateye imbere cyane mumyaka mirongo ishize, kandi inyuma yibitangaza byose bya elegitoronike hari icyapa cyandika cyacapwe (PCB). Ibi bice bito ariko byingenzi nibyingenzi hafi yibikoresho byose bya elegitoroniki. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa PCBs bujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye, ubwoko bumwe ni ENIG PCB.Muri iyi blog, tuzacukumbura birambuye kuri ENIG PCB, tugaragaza ibiranga, imikoreshereze nuburyo itandukanye nubundi bwoko bwa PCB.
1.Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kwibiza PCB?
Hano tuzatanga ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri ENIG PCBs, harimo ibiyigize, ubwubatsi, hamwe na zahabu itagira amashanyarazi ya nikel ikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukora. Basomyi bazumva neza ibintu byihariye bituma ENIG PCBs igaragara.
ENIG ni impfunyapfunyo ya electroless nikel immersion zahabu, nuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura hejuru mubikorwa bya PCB.Itanga igisubizo cyizewe kandi cyigiciro kugirango tumenye kuramba no gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. ENIG PCBs ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nk'itumanaho, icyogajuru, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi.
ENIG PCBs igizwe nibice bitatu byingenzi: nikel, zahabu, hamwe na bariyeri.Inzira ya bariyeri isanzwe ikozwe muburyo buto bwa nikel idafite amashanyarazi yashyizwe hejuru yumuringa nudupapuro twa PCB. Iyi nikel ikora nka bariyeri yo gukwirakwiza, ikabuza umuringa kwimukira muri zahabu mugihe cyo gushira zahabu. Nyuma yo gushira nikel, urwego ruto rwa zahabu rushyirwa hejuru. Igice cya zahabu gitanga uburyo bwiza, kuramba no kurwanya ruswa. Itanga kandi urwego rwo kurinda okiside, ikemeza imikorere yigihe kirekire PCB no kwizerwa.
Ibikorwa byo gukora ENIG PCB birimo intambwe nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, PCB ivurwa hejuru kandi igasukurwa kugirango ikureho umwanda na okiside hejuru yumuringa. PCB noneho yibizwa mu bwogero bwa nikel butagira amashanyarazi, aho imiti yimiti ishyira nikel kumurongo wumuringa. Nikel imaze kubikwa, kwoza kandi usukure PCB kugirango ukureho imiti isigaye. Hanyuma, PCB yibizwa mu bwogero bwa zahabu hanyuma igicucu cya zahabu gishyizwe hejuru ya nikel binyuze mu kwimura abantu. Ubunini bwurwego rwa zahabu burashobora gutandukana bitewe nibisabwa byihariye nibisabwa. ENIG PCB itanga ibyiza byinshi kurenza ubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi nubuso bwacyo buringaniye kandi buringaniye, butanga ibicuruzwa byiza kandi bigakorwa muburyo bwo guterana kwa Surface Mount Technology (SMT). Isura ya zahabu nayo irwanya cyane okiside, ifasha kugumya guhuza amashanyarazi yizewe mugihe runaka.
Iyindi nyungu ya ENIG PCBs nubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa bihamye kandi bihoraho.Ubuso buringaniye kandi buringaniye bwa zahabu butera guhindagurika no gufatira mugihe cyo kugurisha, bikavamo uruganda rukomeye kandi rwizewe.
ENIG PCBs nayo izwiho gukora cyane mumashanyarazi no kwerekana ibimenyetso.Igice cya nikel gikora nka bariyeri, kibuza umuringa gukwirakwira muri zahabu no gukomeza imashanyarazi yumuzunguruko. Ku rundi ruhande, urwego rwa zahabu rufite imbaraga nke zo guhangana n’amashanyarazi meza, bigatuma ibimenyetso byizewe byerekanwa.
2. Inyungu za ENIG PCB
Hano twacukumbuye inyungu za ENIG PCBs nko kugurisha hejuru, kuramba, kurwanya ruswa no gutwara amashanyarazi. Izi nyungu zituma ENIG PCB ibereye murwego runini rwa porogaramu
ENIG PCB cyangwa Electroless Nickel Immersion Zahabu PCB itanga inyungu nyinshi kurenza ubundi buryo bwo kuvura hejuru, bigatuma ikwirakwira muburyo butandukanye mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki. Reka dusuzume bimwe muribyiza muburyo burambuye.
Igicuruzwa cyiza cyane:
ENIG PCBs ifite solderabilité nziza, ituma biba byiza kuri tekinoroji ya Surface Mount Technology (SMT). Igice cya zahabu hejuru ya bariyeri ya nikel gitanga ubuso buringaniye kandi bumwe, butera amazi meza no gufatira mugihe cyo kugurisha. Ibi bivamo ibicuruzwa bikomeye, byizewe bigurishwa, byemeza ubunyangamugayo rusange nimikorere yinteko ya PCB.
Kuramba:
ENIG PCBs izwiho kuramba no kuramba. Igice cya zahabu gikora nk'igifuniko gikingira, gitanga urwego rwo kurinda okiside na ruswa. Ibi byemeza ko PCB ishobora guhangana n’ibidukikije bikaze, harimo ubushuhe bwinshi, ihinduka ry’ubushyuhe ndetse n’imiti ikomoka ku miti. Kuramba kwa ENIG PCBs bisobanura kwizerwa cyane no kuramba, bigatuma bikenerwa mubisabwa bisaba gukora igihe kirekire.
Kurwanya ruswa:
Nikel idafite amashanyarazi muri ENIG PCB itera inzitizi hagati yumuringa nu zahabu. Iyi bariyeri irinda umuringa kwimukira muri zahabu mugihe cyo gushira zahabu. Kubwibyo, ENIG PCB yerekana uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa ndetse no mubidukikije. Ibi bituma biba byiza mubikorwa aho PCBs ishobora guhura nubushuhe, imiti cyangwa ibindi bintu byangiza.
Imyitwarire:
ENIG PCB irayobora cyane bitewe na zahabu yayo. Zahabu nuyobora amashanyarazi meza kandi irashobora kohereza ibimenyetso neza kuri PCBs. Ubuso bwa zahabu bumwe kandi butuma abantu barwanya itumanaho, bikagabanya ibimenyetso byose bishobora gutakaza cyangwa gutesha agaciro. Ibi bituma ENIG PCB ikwiranye na porogaramu zisaba kwihuta kwihuta kandi byihuta byohereza ibimenyetso, nk'itumanaho, icyogajuru hamwe na elegitoroniki y'abaguzi.
Ubuso bw'ubuso:
ENIG PCBs ifite ubuso buringaniye kandi buringaniye, nibyingenzi mubikorwa bihoraho kandi byizewe. Ubuso buringaniye butanga no gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe mugihe cyo gucapa, bityo bikazamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Yorohereza kandi gushyira neza neza ibice byubuso bwubuso, kugabanya ibyago byo kudahuza cyangwa imiyoboro migufi. Ubuso bwa ENIG PCBs bwongera imikorere yinganda muri rusange kandi bivamo inteko nziza ya PCB.
Guhuza insinga:
ENIG PCBs nayo irahujwe nuburyo bwo guhuza insinga, aho insinga zoroshye zihujwe na PCB kugirango zihuze amashanyarazi. Igice cya zahabu gitanga ubuso bukwiye bwo guhuza insinga, byemeza umugozi ukomeye kandi wizewe. Ibi bituma ENIG PCBs ihitamo neza kubisabwa bisaba guhuza insinga, nka microelectronics, electronics yimodoka nibikoresho byubuvuzi.
Kwubahiriza RoHS:
ENIG PCBs yangiza ibidukikije kandi yubahiriza amabwiriza yo kugabanya ibintu byangiza (RoHS). Uburyo bwo kubika ENIG ntabwo bukubiyemo ibintu byangiza, bigatuma biba byiza kandi bitangiza ibidukikije ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba burimo ibintu byuburozi.
3.ENIG PCB nubundi bwoko bwa PCB
Kugereranya byimazeyo nubundi bwoko busanzwe bwa PCB nka FR-4, OSP, HASL na Immersion Silver PCB bizagaragaza ibiranga bidasanzwe, ibyiza nibibi bya buri PCB.
FR-4 PCB:FR-4 (Flame Retardant 4) nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane PCB substrate. Ni epoxy resin ishimangirwa na fibre yibirahure ikozwe kandi izwiho kuba ifite amashanyarazi meza. FR-4 PCB ifite ibintu bikurikira:
akarusho:
Imbaraga zumukanishi no gukomera
Amashanyarazi meza cyane
Igiciro cyiza kandi kirahari henshi
ibitagenda neza:
Ntibikwiriye gukoreshwa cyane kubera gutakaza dielectric
Amashanyarazi make
Byoroshye kwinjiza ubuhehere mugihe, bigatera impinduka za impedance hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana
Mubisabwa bisaba kohereza ibimenyetso byihuta cyane, ENIG PCB ikunzwe kuruta FR-4 PCB kuko ENIG itanga imikorere myiza yamashanyarazi no gutakaza ibimenyetso bike.
OSP PCB:OSP (Organic Solderability Preservative) nubuvuzi bwo hejuru bukoreshwa kuri PCB kugirango burinde ibimenyetso byumuringa okiside. OSP PCB ifite ibintu bikurikira:
akarusho:
Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kandi byubahiriza RoHS
Igiciro gito ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo kuvura
Nibyiza kubworoshye no kuringaniza
ibitagenda neza:
Ugereranije ubuzima buke; kurinda urwego rwangirika mugihe runaka
Kurwanya ubukana buke hamwe nibidukikije bikaze
Kurwanya ubushyuhe buke
Iyo kurwanya ruswa, kuramba no kuramba kwa serivisi birahambaye, ENIG PCB ikundwa na OSP PCB kubera okiside ya ENIG irenze kandi ikarinda ruswa.
Shira amabati PCB:HASL (Umuyaga ushyushye wo kugurisha urwego) nuburyo bwo kuvura hejuru aho
PCB yibizwa mubigurisha bishongeshejwe hanyuma bigashyirwa hamwe numwuka ushushe. HASL PCB ifite ibintu bikurikira:
akarusho:Igiciro cyiza kandi kirahari henshi
Kugurisha neza no gukorana
Birakwiriye binyuze mubice bigize umwobo
ibitagenda neza:
Ubuso ntiburinganiye kandi haribibazo bya coplanarity
Ipitingi ndende ntishobora guhuzwa nibice byiza
Birashoboka guhura nubushyuhe hamwe na okiside mugihe cyo kugurisha
ENIG PCBs ikundwa na HASL PCBs kubisaba bisaba kugurishwa neza, kugaragara neza, kubana neza, no guhuza nibice byiza.
Immersion silver PCB:Ifeza yo kwibiza ni uburyo bwo kuvura hejuru aho PCB yinjizwa mu bwogero bwa feza, igakora urwego ruto rwa feza hejuru yumuringa. Immersion Silver PCB ifite ibiranga bikurikira:
akarusho:
Amashanyarazi meza cyane no kugurishwa
Uburinganire bwiza hamwe na coplanarity
Birakwiriye kubice byiza
ibitagenda neza:
Ubuzima bubi buteganijwe kubera kwanduza igihe
Yumva gukemura no kwanduza mugihe cyo guterana
Ntibikwiye kubushyuhe bwo hejuru
Iyo biramba, birwanya ruswa kandi byongerewe igihe cyo kubaho, ENIG PCB ihitamo kuruta kwibiza silver PCB kuko ENIG ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya kwanduza no guhuza neza nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
4.Gusaba ENIG PCB
ENIG PCB (ni ukuvuga Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold PCB) ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zinyuranye kubera ibyiza byayo bitandukanye n’ubundi bwoko bwa PCB. Iki gice kirasesengura inganda zinyuranye zikoresha ENIG PCB, zishimangira akamaro kazo mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibyogajuru ndetse n’ingabo, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi , no gutangiza inganda.
Ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi:
ENIG PCBs igira uruhare runini mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi aho ingano yoroheje, imikorere yihuta kandi yizewe ni ngombwa. Zikoreshwa muri terefone zigendanwa, tableti, mudasobwa zigendanwa, imashini yimikino, nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki. ENIG itwara neza cyane hamwe nigihombo gito cyo kwinjiza bituma biba byiza kubikorwa byinshyi nyinshi, bigafasha umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru byihuse, ubudahangarwa bwibimenyetso, no kugabanya amashanyarazi. Mubyongeyeho, ENIG PCBs itanga solderabilité nziza, ningirakamaro mugihe cyo guteranya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigoye.
Ikirere n'Ingabo:
Inganda zo mu kirere n’ingabo zirinda ibisabwa cyane kuri sisitemu ya elegitoronike bitewe n’imikorere mibi, ubushyuhe bukabije n’ubuziranenge bwo hejuru. ENIG PCBs ikoreshwa cyane muri avionics, sisitemu ya satelite, ibikoresho bya radar hamwe na elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwa gisirikare. ENIG idasanzwe irwanya ruswa kandi iramba ituma ikwiranye nigihe kinini cyigihe cya serivisi mubihe bigoye. Byongeye kandi, ubunini bwacyo hamwe nuburinganire bwemeza imikorere ihamye kandi yizewe.
Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi:
Mu rwego rwubuvuzi, ENIG PCBs zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo sisitemu yo gukurikirana abarwayi, ibikoresho byo gusuzuma, ibikoresho byo gufata amashusho, ibikoresho byo kubaga nibikoresho byatewe. ENIG ya biocompatibilité no kurwanya ruswa ituma ibera ibikoresho byubuvuzi bihura n’amazi yo mu mubiri cyangwa bigakorerwa uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro. Mubyongeyeho, ubuso bwa ENIG bworoshye kandi bugurishwa bituma habaho guhuza neza no guteranya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigoye mubikoresho byubuvuzi. inganda zikoresha:
ENIG PCBs ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yo gukoresha inganda, harimo sisitemu yo kugenzura inzira, robotike, moteri, moteri, amashanyarazi. ENIG kwizerwa no guhuzagurika bituma ihitamo neza mubikorwa byinganda bisaba guhora ukora no kurwanya ibidukikije bikaze. Ibicuruzwa byiza bya ENIG bitanga amasano yizewe mumashanyarazi menshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bitanga igihe kirekire kandi gihamye kuri sisitemu yo gutangiza inganda.
Byongeye kandi, ENIG PCBs zikoreshwa mu zindi nganda nk'imodoka, itumanaho, ingufu, n'ibikoresho bya IoT (Internet y'ibintu).Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zikoresha ENIG PCBs muri electronics yimodoka, ibice bigenzura moteri, sisitemu yumutekano hamwe na sisitemu yimyidagaduro. Imiyoboro y'itumanaho ishingiye kuri ENIG PCBs kugirango yubake sitasiyo fatizo, router, switch hamwe nibikoresho byitumanaho. Mu rwego rwingufu, ENIG PCBs zikoreshwa mukubyara amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza na sisitemu yingufu zishobora kubaho. Byongeye kandi, ENIG PCBs nigice cyingenzi cyibikoresho bya IoT, ihuza ibikoresho bitandukanye kandi bigafasha guhanahana amakuru no kwikora.
5.ENIG PCB Gukora no Gutekereza
Mugushushanya no gukora ENIG PCBs, hari ibintu byinshi byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma kugirango ukore neza kandi wizewe. Hano hari amabwiriza yingenzi yo gushushanya nuburyo bwo gukora bwihariye kuri ENIG PCBs:
Igishushanyo mbonera:
Igishushanyo mbonera cya ENIG PCB ningirakamaro kugirango igurishe neza kandi ihuze kwizerwa. Amapaki agomba gutegurwa hamwe nuburinganire bukwiye, harimo ubugari, uburebure, n'umwanya, kugirango uhuze ibice biganisha hamwe na paste yo kugurisha. Kurangiza padi bigomba kuba byoroshye kandi bisukuye kugirango byemere neza mugihe cyo kugurisha.
Kurikirana ubugari n'umwanya:
Kurikirana ubugari n'umwanya bigomba kubahiriza ibipimo byinganda nibisabwa PCB byihariye. Kugenzura ibipimo nyabyo birashobora gukumira ibibazo nko guhuza ibimenyetso, imiyoboro migufi, hamwe n’amashanyarazi adahungabana.
Ubunini bwubuyobozi nuburinganire:
ENIG PCB igizwe nigice cya nikel idafite amashanyarazi hamwe na zahabu yibijwe. Ubunini bwa plate bugomba kugenzurwa muburyo bwihanganirwa kugirango harebwe uburyo bumwe bwa PCB. Ubunini bwa plaque imwe ningirakamaro kubikorwa byamashanyarazi bihoraho hamwe no kugurisha byizewe.
Porogaramu yo kugurisha ibicuruzwa:
Gukoresha neza mask yo kugurisha ningirakamaro mukurinda PCB no gukumira ibiraro byabagurisha. Mask ya Solder igomba gukoreshwa neza kandi neza kugirango padi yerekanwe ifite masike yo kugurisha ikenewe kugirango igurishwe.
Solder Paste Igishushanyo:
Iyo tekinoroji yo hejuru yubuso (SMT) ikoreshwa muguteranya ibice, ibicuruzwa byo kugurisha ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mukubika neza paste yabagurisha kuri padi ya PCB. Igishushanyo cya stencil kigomba guhuza neza nuburyo bwa padi kandi bikemerera gushira neza ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe kugirango habeho kugurisha neza kugurisha mugihe cyo kugaruka.
Kugenzura Ubuziranenge:
Mugihe cyo gukora, ni ngombwa gukora igenzura ryiza kugirango ENIG PCB yujuje ibisabwa. Iri genzura rishobora kubamo ubugenzuzi bugaragara, gupima amashanyarazi hamwe nugurisha hamwe hamwe. Kugenzura ubuziranenge bifasha kumenya ibibazo byose mugihe cyumusaruro no kwemeza ko PCB yarangiye yujuje ubuziranenge busabwa.
Guhuza inteko:
Ni ngombwa gusuzuma guhuza ubuso bwa ENIG burangiza hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo guterana. Kugurisha no kwerekana ibintu biranga ENIG bigomba guhuzwa nibikorwa byihariye byo guterana byakoreshejwe. Ibi bikubiyemo gutekereza nko guhitamo paste yo kugurisha, kwerekana umwirondoro mwiza, hamwe no guhuza ibicuruzwa bidafite ibicuruzwa (niba bishoboka).
Mugukurikiza aya mabwiriza yubushakashatsi hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora kuri ENIG PCBs, abayikora barashobora kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byanyuma byujuje imikorere isabwa kandi byizewe. Ni ngombwa gukorana bya hafi n’abakora PCB n’abafatanyabikorwa mu guterana kugirango bahuze ibisabwa byihariye kandi barebe ko inzira yo gukora no guteranya igenda neza.
6.ENIG PCB Ibibazo
ENIG PCB ni iki? Bisobanura iki?
ENIG PCB isobanura Electroless Nickel Immersion Zahabu Yacapwe Ikibaho. Nibisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura kuri PCBs kandi butanga ruswa irwanya ruswa, iringaniye kandi igurishwa neza.
Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha ENIG PCB?
ENIG PCBs itanga inyungu nyinshi, zirimo kugurishwa kwiza, amashanyarazi menshi hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Kurangiza zahabu bitanga urwego rwo kurinda, bigatuma bikwiranye na progaramu aho kwizerwa ari ngombwa.
ENIG PCB ihenze?
ENIG PCBs ikunda kuba ihenze gato ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Igiciro cyinyongera giterwa na zahabu ikoreshwa mugutobora. Nyamara, ibyiza nubwizerwe bitangwa na ENIG bituma ihitamo ryambere kubikorwa byinshi, byerekana igiciro cyayo gito.
Hoba hariho ibibujijwe gukoresha ENIG PCB?
Mugihe ENIG PCBs ifite ibyiza byinshi, nayo ifite aho igarukira. Kurugero, hejuru ya zahabu irashobora kwambara byoroshye iyo ihuye nikibazo cyinshi cyangwa imashini. Byongeye kandi, ENIG ntishobora kuba ikwiriye gukoreshwa hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa aho hakoreshwa imiti ikaze.
ENIG PCB iroroshye kugura?
Nibyo, ENIG PCBs iraboneka cyane mubakora PCB nabatanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Nibisanzwe birangiza kandi birashobora kuboneka byoroshye kugirango bishoboke umushinga utandukanye. Birasabwa kugenzura igihe kiboneka nigihe cyo kugemura hamwe nuwabikoze cyangwa uwabitanze.
Nshobora gukora cyangwa gusana ENIG PCB?
Nibyo, ENIG PCBs irashobora gukorwa cyangwa gusanwa. Ariko, gahunda yo gutunganya no gusana ENIG irashobora gusaba gutekereza hamwe nubuhanga bwihariye ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Birasabwa kugisha inama impuguke ya PCB inararibonye kugirango ikore neza kandi irinde guhungabanya ubusugire bwa zahabu.
ENIG irashobora gukoreshwa mugucuruza no kuyobora-kugurisha?
Nibyo, ENIG irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe no kuyobora no kuyobora-kugurisha inzira. Ariko, ni ngombwa kwemeza guhuza ibicuruzwa byihariye byo kugurisha no kwerekana umwirondoro wakoreshejwe. Kugirango ugere kubicuruzwa byizewe mugihe cyo guterana, ibipimo byo gusudira bigomba kuba byiza.
Inzira ya ENIG nigisubizo cyizewe kandi cyigiciro cyinshi kubakora n'abakunda ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Gukomatanya kwa nikel yoroheje, iringaniye neza hamwe na zahabu yo hejuru itanga urwego rwiza rwo kurangiza kugirango harebwe kuramba no gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Haba mu itumanaho, mu kirere cyangwa mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ENIG PCBs ikomeje kugira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga no gutegura ejo hazaza h’ikoranabuhanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-13-2023
Inyuma
