HDI Rigid Flex Pcb Uburyo bwo Gukora

HDI (High Density Interconnect) rigid-flex PCBs yerekana isonga ryubuhanga bwambere bwanditse bwumuzunguruko wanditseho imashini, ihuza ibyiza byubushobozi bwogukoresha insinga nyinshi hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwibibaho.Iyi ngingo igamije gusobanura uburyo bwo gukora HDI rigid-flex PCB no gutanga ubumenyi bwingenzi muburyo bwayo, ibikoresho n'intambwe zingenzi zo gukora.Mugusobanukirwa ningorabahizi zirimo, injeniyeri nabashushanya barashobora guhindura ibishushanyo byabo no gukorana neza nababikora kugirango ibitekerezo byabo bishya bibe impamo.

1.SobanukirwaHDI ikomeye PCB：

HDI (High Density Interconnect) rigid-flex PCB nuburyo buhanitse bwibibaho byumuzunguruko byanditse bihuza ibyiza byo guhuza imiyoboro myinshi kandi byoroshye.Uku guhuza kudasanzwe bituma bakwiranye neza nibisabwa nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho.
Guhuza kwinshi kwinshi bivuga ubushobozi bwo kugera kubice byinshi kandi byerekana ibimenyetso mumwanya muto.Mugihe icyifuzo cyibikoresho bito, byinshi byoroheje bikomeje kwiyongera, tekinoroji ya HDI ituma igishushanyo mbonera nogukora imirongo igoye mubintu bito. Kwiyongera kwimikoranire ihuza ibikorwa byinshi byinjizwa mubikoresho bito, bigatuma bikora neza kandi bikomeye.
Guhinduka ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi kiranga HDI rigid-flex PCBs. Ihinduka ryemerera ikibaho kunama, kuzingirwa cyangwa kugoreka bitagize ingaruka kumikorere cyangwa kwizerwa.Guhinduka ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane kubikoresho bya elegitoronike bisaba ibishushanyo mbonera bifatika cyangwa bikeneye kwihanganira kunyeganyega, guhungabana, cyangwa ibidukikije bikabije. Irafasha kandi guhuza ibice bya elegitoronike mubice bitandukanye byumuzunguruko, bikuraho ibikenerwa byongeweho cyangwa insinga.
Gukoresha tekinoroji ya HDI itanga ibyiza byinshi.Icya mbere, itezimbere cyane ubunyangamugayo mukugabanya intera iri hagati yibigize no guhuza, kugabanya gutakaza ibimenyetso, kwambukiranya no guhuza amashanyarazi. Ibi bizamura imikorere no kwizerwa kubikorwa byihuta bya digitale na RF. Icya kabiri, HDI rigid-flex PCB irashobora kugabanya cyane ubunini nuburemere bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Ikoranabuhanga rya HDI rikuraho ibikenerwa byongeweho, insinga, hamwe nu murongo ujya ku kibaho, bigatuma ibishushanyo mbonera byoroheje. Ibi ni iby'agaciro cyane cyane mu nganda nko mu kirere no mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa, aho kuzigama uburemere n'umwanya ari ngombwa. Mubyongeyeho, tekinoroji ya HDI nayo itezimbere ubwizerwe bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Mugabanye umubare wimikoranire, PCI ya HDI rigid-flex PCBs igabanya ibyago byo gutsindwa kubera guhuza kwabo cyangwa umunaniro ugurisha. Ibi bizamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa kandi byongera igihe kirekire.
Porogaramu ya HDI rigid-flex iboneka mu nganda zitandukanye, zirimo icyogajuru, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, itumanaho hamwe n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Mu nganda zo mu kirere, PCBs ya HDI rigid-flex ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura indege, indege, hamwe na sisitemu y'itumanaho kubera ubunini bwayo, uburemere bworoshye, n'ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibihe bikabije. Mu rwego rwubuvuzi, zikoreshwa mubikoresho nka pacemakers, sisitemu yo gufata amashusho yubuvuzi, nibikoresho byatewe. Itumanaho hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byunguka byunguka ingano no kunoza imikorere ya HDI rigid-flex PCBs muri terefone zigendanwa, tableti, kwambara, nibindi bikoresho byikurura.

2.HDI igoye-yoroheje PCB yo gukora: intambwe ku yindi

A. Gushushanya imbogamizi no gutegura dosiye za CAD:
Intambwe yambere mubikorwa bya HDI rigid-flex PCB yo gukora ni ukuzirikana imbogamizi no gutegura dosiye ya CAD. Imbogamizi zishushanya zigira uruhare runini muguhitamo imikorere ya PCB, kwizerwa, no gukora. Inzitizi zingenzi zingenzi zo gusuzuma ni:
Ingano ntarengwa:
Ingano ya PCB iterwa nibisabwa nigikoresho ikoreshwa. Birakenewe kwemeza ko PCB ihuye n'umwanya wabigenewe bitagize ingaruka ku mikorere cyangwa kwizerwa.
Kwizerwa:
Igishushanyo cya PCB kigomba kuba cyizewe kandi gishobora kwihanganira imikorere iteganijwe. Ibintu nkubushyuhe, ubushuhe, guhindagurika hamwe nubukanishi bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gushushanya.
Ubunyangamugayo bw'ikimenyetso:
Ibishushanyo bigomba gutekereza ku bimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka ziterwa n’ibimenyetso, urusaku, cyangwa kwivanga. Ibimenyetso byihuta bya digitale na RF bisaba kugendana neza no kugenzura inzitizi.
Gucunga Ubushyuhe:
Imicungire yubushyuhe ningirakamaro mukurinda ubushyuhe bukabije no kwemeza imikorere myiza yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe birashobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe uburyo bukwiye bwo gushyuha, ubushyuhe, hamwe nubushyuhe. Porogaramu ya CAD ikoreshwa mugukora dosiye ya PCB. Iremera abashushanya gusobanura ibice, gutondekanya ibice hamwe n'umuringa ukurikirana. Porogaramu ya CAD itanga ibikoresho nubushobozi bwo kwerekana neza no kwerekana amashusho neza, byoroshye kumenya no gukosora ibibazo byose bishobora kubaho mbere yumusaruro.
B. Guhitamo Ibikoresho no Gushushanya:
Nyuma yo gutegura dosiye ya CAD, intambwe ikurikira ni uguhitamo ibikoresho no gushushanya. Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza nibyingenzi kugirango harebwe niba HDI rigid-flex PCBs igera kumashanyarazi asabwa, gucunga amashyanyarazi, hamwe nuburinganire bwimashini. Ibikoresho bikomeye, nka FR-4 cyangwa laminates ikora cyane, bitanga ubufasha bwimashini kandi bihamye. Imiterere ihindagurika ikozwe muri polyimide cyangwa polyester ya firime kugirango ihindurwe kandi irambe. Igishushanyo mbonera cya stackup gikubiyemo kumenya gahunda yuburyo butandukanye, harimo ibice bikomeye kandi byoroshye, uburebure bwumuringa, nibikoresho bya dielectric. Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gusuzuma ibintu nkuburinganire bwibimenyetso, kugenzura inzitizi, no gukwirakwiza ingufu. Gushyira ibyiciro neza hamwe no gutoranya ibikoresho bifasha kwemeza kohereza ibimenyetso neza, kugabanya inzira nyabagendwa no gutanga ibintu byoroshye.
C. Gucukura lazeri no gukora microhole:
Gucukura Laser nintambwe yingenzi mugukora microvias zingana cyane muri PCI ya HDI. Microvias ni umwobo muto ukoreshwa muguhuza ibice bitandukanye bya PCB, bigatuma habaho guhuza kwinshi. Gucukura Laser bitanga ibyiza byinshi muburyo bwa gakondo bwo gucukura. Iremera kuri aperture ntoya, itanga uburyo bwo guhuza umurongo mwinshi hamwe nubushakashatsi bworoshye. Gucukura lazeri kandi bitanga ibisobanuro birambuye no kugenzura, kugabanya ibyago byo kudahuza cyangwa kwangiza ibikoresho bikikije. Mubikorwa byo gucukura laser, urumuri rwibanze rwa lazeri rukoreshwa mugukuraho ibintu, kurema ibyobo bito. Ibyobo noneho byegeranijwe kugirango bitange ubworoherane hagati yabyo, bituma habaho kohereza neza ibimenyetso.
D. Isahani yumuringa:
Amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi nintambwe yingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora ibibaho bya HDI rigid-flex. Inzira ikubiyemo kubitsa umuringa muto muri micropores no hejuru ya PCB. Akamaro ko gufata amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi biri mubushobozi bwayo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi yizewe no kohereza ibimenyetso neza. Igice cy'umuringa cyuzuza microviya kandi gihuza ibice bitandukanye bya PCB, bikora inzira iyobora ibimenyetso. Itanga kandi ubuso bugurishwa kubintu byomugereka. Amashanyarazi atagira amashanyarazi arimo intambwe nyinshi, harimo gutegura hejuru, gukora no kubitsa. PCB yabanje gusukurwa no gukora kugirango iteze imbere. Imiti ikoreshwa noneho kugirango ikoreshe igisubizo kirimo ion z'umuringa hejuru ya PCB, ushyiramo umuringa muto.
E. Kwimura amashusho na Lithographie:
Kohereza amashusho hamwe na Photolithography nibintu bigize HDI rigid-flex PCB yo gukora. Izi ntambwe zirimo gukoresha ibikoresho bifotora kugirango ukore ishusho yumuzingi hejuru ya PCB no kuyishyira kumucyo UV ukoresheje Photomask ishushanyije. Mugihe cyo kohereza amashusho, ibikoresho bifotora bikoreshwa hejuru ya PCB. Ibikoresho bifotora byumva urumuri rwa UV kandi birashobora guhishurwa. PCB noneho ihujwe na fotomask ishushanyije kandi urumuri rwa UV runyuzwa mubice bisobanutse bya fotomask kugirango berekane abafotora. Nyuma yo kugaragara, PCB yatejwe imbere kugirango ikureho fotoreziste itamenyekanye, hasigara icyerekezo cyizunguruka. Ubu buryo bukora nkibice bikingira muburyo bukurikira. Kurema inzira zumuzunguruko, imiti ya chitingi ikoreshwa mugukuraho umuringa udashaka. Uturere tutapfukiranwa nabafotora bahura na etchant, ikuraho guhitamo umuringa, hasigara inzira yumuzingi.
F. Gutunganya no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi:
Intego yuburyo bwo gukuramo ni ugukuraho umuringa urenze no gukora imirongo yumuzingi kuri HDI rigid-flex PCB. Kurya birimo gukoresha etchant, mubisanzwe acide cyangwa imiti ya chimique, kugirango uhitemo gukuramo umuringa udashaka. Kuzunguruka bigenzurwa nuburinzi bwa fotoreziste burinda etchant kwibasira inzira zumuzingi zisabwa. Witondere witonze igihe hamwe nubunini bwa etchant kugirango ugere kumurongo wifuzwa n'ubugari. Nyuma yo gutobora, fotore isigaye yambuwe kugirango yerekane ibimenyetso byumuzunguruko. Kwiyambura bikubiyemo gukoresha ibishishwa kugirango bishonge kandi bikureho fotoreziste, hasigare ibimenyetso byumuzunguruko bisukuye kandi bisobanuwe neza. Kugirango ushimangire inzira zumuzingi no kwemeza neza, inzira yo gufata isahani. Ibi bikubiyemo gushyiramo umuringa wongeyeho umuringa kumurongo wumuzunguruko ukoresheje amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi. Umubyimba hamwe nuburinganire bwumuringa nibyingenzi kugirango ugere kumashanyarazi yizewe.
G. Solder mask yo gusaba no guteranya ibice:
Porogaramu ya Solder hamwe nibiterane ni intambwe zingenzi mubikorwa bya HDI rigid-flex PCB. Koresha mask yo kugurisha kugirango urinde umuringa kandi utange insulente hagati yabo. Mask ya Solder ikora urwego rwo gukingira hejuru ya PCB yose, ukuyemo uduce dusaba kugurisha, nka padi yibigize na vias. Ibi bifasha gukumira ibiraro byabagurisha hamwe nikabutura mugihe cyo guterana. Iteraniro ryibigize ririmo gushyira ibikoresho bya elegitoronike kuri PCB no kubigurisha ahantu. Ibigize bihagaze neza kandi bihujwe na paje igwa kugirango harebwe neza amashanyarazi. Koresha uburyo bwo kugurisha nko kugarura cyangwa kugurisha ukurikije ubwoko bwibigize hamwe nibisabwa. Igicuruzwa cyo kugurisha kirimo gushyushya PCB ku bushyuhe bwihariye butuma uwagurishije ashonga kandi agakora ihuriro rihoraho hagati yikintu kiyobora hamwe nudupapuro twa PCB. Kugurisha imiraba mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubice byacukuwe, aho PCB inyuzwa mumurongo wogurisha gushonga kugirango uhuze.
H. Kwipimisha no kugenzura ubuziranenge:
Intambwe yanyuma mubikorwa bya HDI rigid-flex PCB yo gukora ni ukugerageza no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Igeragezwa rikomeye ningirakamaro kugirango PCB ikore, kwizerwa no gukora. Kora ibizamini by'amashanyarazi kugirango urebe niba bigufi, bifungura, kandi bikomeza. Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha amashanyarazi yihariye na PCB no gupima igisubizo ukoresheje ibikoresho byipimishije byikora. Ubugenzuzi bugaragara nabwo bukorwa kugirango hamenyekane abagurisha ubuziranenge, gushyira ibice, hamwe nisuku muri PCB. Ifasha kumenya inenge zose zishobora kuba nkibice bidahuye, ibiraro byabagurisha, cyangwa ibyanduye. Byongeye kandi, isesengura ryumuriro rishobora gukorwa kugirango hamenyekane ubushobozi bwa PCB bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bwikigereranyo cyangwa ubushyuhe bwumuriro. Ibi nibyingenzi byingenzi mubisabwa aho PCB ihura nubushyuhe bukabije. Muri na nyuma ya buri ntambwe yuburyo bwo gukora, ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge zishyirwa mubikorwa kugirango PCB yujuje ibisabwa nibisabwa. Ibi bikubiyemo gukurikirana ibipimo ngenderwaho, gukora igenzura ryibarurishamibare (SPC), no gukora igenzura ryigihe kugirango tumenye kandi dukosore gutandukana cyangwa kudasanzwe.

3.Imbogamizi zahuye nogukora HDI rigid-flex ikibaho ：

Gukora HDI rigid-flex ikibaho cyerekana ibibazo nibibazo bigomba gucungwa neza kugirango ibicuruzwa birangire neza.Izi mbogamizi zishingiye ku bice bitatu by'ingenzi: guhuza neza, inenge zo hejuru, hamwe n'impinduka za impedance mugihe cyo kumurika.
Guhuza neza ni ngombwa kubibaho bya HDI rigid-flex kuko birimo ibice byinshi nibikoresho bigomba kuba bihagaze neza. Kugera ku guhuza neza bisaba gufata neza no gushyira ibice bitandukanye kugirango urebe neza ko nibindi bice bihujwe neza. Kudahuza kwose birashobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye nko gutakaza ibimenyetso, ikabutura, cyangwa gucika. Ababikora bagomba gushora imari mubikoresho byikoranabuhanga bigezweho kugirango barebe neza neza umusaruro.
Kwirinda ubusembwa bwo hejuru ni ikindi kibazo gikomeye. Mugihe cyo gukora, inenge zo hejuru nkibishushanyo, amenyo, cyangwa ibyanduye bishobora kubaho, bigira ingaruka kumikorere no kwizerwa byimbaho ​​za HDI rigid-flex.Izi nenge zirashobora kubangamira imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, bikagira ingaruka kubudakemwa bwibimenyetso, cyangwa bigatera ikibaho kunanirwa burundu. Kugira ngo hirindwe ubusembwa bw’ubutaka, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, harimo gufata neza, kugenzura buri gihe, no gukoresha ibidukikije bisukuye mu gihe cy’umusaruro.
Kugabanya impinduka za impedance mugihe cyo kumurika ni ngombwa kugirango ukomeze amashanyarazi ya bande ya HDI rigid-flex.Kumurika bikubiyemo gukoresha ubushyuhe nigitutu kugirango uhuze ibice bitandukanye hamwe. Nyamara, iyi nzira irashobora gutera impinduka muri dielectric ihoraho nubugari bwuyobora, bikavamo impinduka zitifuzwa. Kugenzura inzira yo kumurika kugirango ugabanye izo mpinduka bisaba kugenzura neza ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, nigihe, kimwe no gukurikiza byimazeyo ibishushanyo mbonera. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji yo gupima no kugenzura irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango harebwe ko inzitizi zisabwa zikomeza.
Gutsinda izo mbogamizi mugukora imbaho ​​za HDI flex bisaba abayishushanya nababikora gukorana neza murwego rwose.Abashushanya bakeneye gusuzuma neza imbogamizi zogukora no kubimenyesha neza kubabikora. Ku rundi ruhande, abayikora bagomba gusobanukirwa n'ibishushanyo mbonera bisabwa kugira ngo bashyire mu bikorwa inzira ikwiye. Ubufatanye bufasha gukemura ibibazo bishobora gutangira hakiri kare igishushanyo mbonera kandi byemeza ko uburyo bwo gukora butezimbere kubuyobozi bwiza bwa HDI rigid-flex.

Umwanzuro ：

Igikorwa cyo gukora HDI rigid-flex PCB nuruhererekane rwintambwe zigoye ariko zikomeye zisaba tekinoroji yubuhanga, yuzuye kandi yizewe.Gusobanukirwa buri cyiciro cyibikorwa bituma Capel yongerera ubushobozi ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro udasanzwe mugihe ntarengwa. Mugushira imbere imbaraga zogushushanya, gutangiza no gukomeza kunoza inzira, Capel irashobora kuguma kumwanya wambere mubikorwa bya HDI rigid-flex PCB kandi igahuza ibyifuzo bikenerwa nibikorwa byinshi kandi bikora neza murwego rwinganda.