Inganda zinganda zikora inganda zikomeye

Haba hari amahame yihariye yinganda abayakenera bakeneye gukurikiza mugihe cyo gukora PCB ikomeye? Muri iyi nyandiko ya blog, tuzasesengura iki kibazo tunasuzume akamaro k'ibipimo nganda muri kano karere.

Iyo bigeze ku cyapa cyandika cyandika (PCB), ni ngombwa gukurikiza amahame yinganda kugirango umusaruro wibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge. Mu myaka yashize, PCBs igoye-flex yamenyekanye cyane kubera byinshi kandi biramba.

Kugirango usobanukirwe nigitekerezo cya PCB yinganda zikora inganda, ugomba kubanza kumva ibyibanze bya PCB ikomeye. Rigid-flex PCB ni ihuriro ryibintu byoroshye kandi byoroshye byahujwe no gukora ikibaho kimwe cyumuzunguruko.Ubu bwoko bwa PCB butanga ibyiza byinshi, nko kugabanya ibiro, kunoza ubwizerwe, no kongera imiterere ihinduka. Zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nk'ikirere, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, hamwe na elegitoroniki y'abaguzi.

Mugihe ntamahame yihariye yinganda yihariyeGukora cyane, hari amahame rusange agenga inzira yose yo gukora PCB.Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikurikizwa muburyo bwose bwa PCB kandi bikubiyemo ibintu byose byuburyo bwo gukora, harimo gushushanya, gukora, guteranya no kugerageza. Bimwe mubipimo bizwi cyane ninganda za PCB harimo amahame mpuzamahanga ya komisiyo ishinzwe amashanyarazi (IEC), ibipimo byikigo cyandika cyandika (IPC), hamwe nubuyobozi bwibintu byangiza (RoHS).

IEC ni umuryango wisi yose uteza imbere kandi ugatangaza amahame mpuzamahanga yubuhanga bwamashanyarazi na elegitoronike, agategura umurongo ngenderwaho ukoreshwa muburyo bwose bwo gukora PCB.Aya mabwiriza akubiyemo ibintu byinshi, harimo ibishushanyo mbonera, guhitamo ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gukora no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho byemeza ko PCBs yujuje ubuziranenge nibisabwa byumutekano.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, IPC, umuryango uzwi cyane wo gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho mu nganda za elegitoroniki, utanga umurongo ngenderwaho mubice byose byo gukora PCB.Ibipimo bya IPC bikubiyemo ingingo nkamahame yubushakashatsi, ibisabwa mubikoresho, inzira yo gukora, inzira yo kugerageza, hamwe nibisabwa. Ibipimo ngenderwaho biha ababikora ibyingenzi kugirango bamenye kwizerwa no gukora ibicuruzwa byabo.

Usibye aya mahame rusange, abayikora bagomba gutekereza kubintu bimwe na bimwe byihariye byinganda mugihe batanga PCBs ikomeye.Inganda nkikirere hamwe nibikoresho byubuvuzi akenshi bifite umwihariko udasanzwe bitewe nuburyo bukomeye bwibikorwa byabo. Kurugero, icyogajuru PCBs zigomba kuba zujuje umurongo ngenderwaho ujyanye no kwizerwa, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no kurwanya kunyeganyega. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibikoresho byubuvuzi PCBs bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibinyabuzima no kuboneza urubyaro.

Ababikora benshi kandi bakurikiza amabwiriza ya RoHS, agabanya ikoreshwa ryibintu byangiza mubikoresho byamashanyarazi na elegitoroniki.Amabwiriza agabanya kuba hariho ibintu nka gurş, mercure, kadmium na retardants zimwe na zimwe. Kubahiriza RoHS ntabwo birinda umutekano w-abakoresha gusa, ahubwo binagaragaza ubushake bwo kwita kubidukikije.

Mugihe aya mahame rusange ninganda yihariye atanga ubuyobozi bwingirakamaro mubikorwa bya PCB, ni ngombwa kumenya ko bidakurikije amategeko.Ariko, gukurikiza aya mahame ni ngombwa kubwimpamvu nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, gukurikiza ibipimo byemerera ababikora gukora ibicuruzwa byiza-byujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya. Icya kabiri, itanga ubudahwema mubikorwa byo gukora, bityo bikongera imikorere no kugabanya ibiciro. Hanyuma, gukurikiza ibipimo byongera uwabikoze kandi akizerwa mu nganda.

Usibye gukurikiza amahame yinganda, abayikora barashobora gushyira mubikorwa asisitemu yo gucunga neza (QMS)kugirango barusheho kunoza imikorere yabo ikomeye ya PCB.Sisitemu yo gucunga neza ifasha amashyirahamwe koroshya ibikorwa no guhora yujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya. Itanga urwego rwo kumenya no gukemura ibibazo, kunoza igenzura, no gukomeza gutera imbere.

Muri make,mugihe ntamahame yihariye yinganda yihariye akora cyane PCB, hari amahame rusange yinganda n’inganda abayikora bagomba kubahiriza. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikubiyemo ibintu byose byakozwe na PCB, byemeza umusaruro wibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge, byizewe. Mugukurikiza ibipimo ngenderwaho, ababikora barashobora kunoza imikorere yibicuruzwa, kubahiriza ibyo abakiriya bategereje, no kuba umukinnyi wizewe muruganda.