Umwigisha Wihuta PCB Prototyping hamwe na Signal Integrity Yatekerejweho

Intangiriro:

Muri iki gihe cyihuta cyikoranabuhanga, gukenera prototyping byihuse byongerewe imbaraga nyinshi cyane cyane mubijyanye no guteza imbere imiyoboro yamashanyarazi (PCB). Ariko ni gute injeniyeri zemeza ko umuvuduko utagira ingaruka ku bimenyetso bya PCB?Muri iyi nyandiko ya blog, tuzasesengura ingamba nuburyo bwiza bwo kugufasha kumenya ubuhanga bwo kwihuta kwa PCB mugihe dusuzumye witonze ibitekerezo byubuziranenge.

Sobanukirwa n'akamaro k'ubunyangamugayo bw'ibimenyetso mu gishushanyo cya PCB:

Ubunyangamugayo bwibimenyetso bivuga ubushobozi bwikimenyetso cyo gukwirakwiza binyuze muri PCB bitagoretse, bitesha agaciro, cyangwa byatakaye mugihe cyo kohereza. Ubudakemwa bwibimenyetso bishobora kuganisha kubibazo bitandukanye nkamakosa yamakuru, imikorere mibi, hamwe no kongera kwivanga. Iyo prototyping PCBs, nibyingenzi gushyira imbere ubunyangamugayo bwibimenyetso kugirango tumenye imikorere nubwizerwe bwibicuruzwa byanyuma.

1. Kurikiza amabwiriza yerekana igishushanyo mbonera:

Kugirango umenye neza ibimenyetso byuzuye, amabwiriza yihariye agomba gukurikizwa mugihe cya prototyping. Aya mabwiriza arimo:

A. Gushyira ibice bikwiye: Gushyira ingamba kuri PCB bifasha kugabanya uburebure bwibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw ibimenyetso.Guteranya ibice bifitanye isano hamwe no gukurikiza ibyifuzo byabashinzwe gukora ni intambwe zingenzi mugutezimbere ibimenyetso byubuziranenge.

b. Uburebure bwikurikiranya buhuye: Kubimenyetso byihuta byihuta, gukomeza uburebure bwikurikiranya ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde gutandukana nigihe no kugoreka ibimenyetso.Menya neza ko ibimenyetso bitwara ibimenyetso bimwe ari burebure kugirango ugabanye ibihe bidahuye.

C. Kugenzura Impedance: Gushushanya ibimenyetso bya PCB kugirango bihuze nimbogamizi ziranga umurongo wogukwirakwiza bitezimbere ubunyangamugayo mukugabanya ibitekerezo.Ubuhanga bwo kugenzura impedance, nkibiyobowe na impedance inzira, nibyingenzi mubikorwa byinshi.

2. Koresha ibikoresho bigezweho bya PCB:

Gukoresha porogaramu igezweho ya PCB ishushanya ifite ubushobozi bwo gusesengura ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso birashobora koroshya cyane inzira ya prototyping. Ibi bikoresho bifasha injeniyeri kwigana no gusesengura imyitwarire yimiterere ya PCB mbere yo gukora kugirango bamenye ibibazo byubusugire bwibimenyetso hakiri kare.

A. Kwigana no Kwerekana: Gukora ibigereranyo bitanga isuzuma ryuzuye ryimyitwarire yikimenyetso, ritanga ubushishozi mubibazo bishobora kuba ibimenyetso byubuziranenge.Mu kwigana ibintu bitandukanye, abashushanya barashobora kumenya no gukosora ibibazo bijyanye no gutekereza, kwambukiranya imipaka, no guhuza amashanyarazi (EMI).

b. Kugenzura Amategeko yo Kugenzura (DRC): Gushyira mu bikorwa DRC muri porogaramu ishushanya ya PCB yemeza ko igishushanyo cyubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye y’ubuziranenge.Ifasha kumenya no gukemura amakosa ashobora gushushanya mugihe gikwiye.

3. Gufatanya nabakora PCB:

Gukorana cyane numushinga wuburambe wa PCB kuva mugitangira birashobora koroshya cyane inzira ya prototyping. Ababikora barashobora gutanga ubushishozi mubibazo byubusugire bwibimenyetso kandi bagasaba ko bahindura kugirango igishushanyo mbonera.

A. Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Gukorana nuwabikoze bizagufasha guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kubishushanyo bya PCB.Ibikoresho bifite igihombo gito cya dielectric tangent kandi igenzurwa na dielectric ihoraho irashobora kunoza ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso.

b. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukora (DFM): Uruhare rwabakora mugihe cyicyiciro cyerekana ko igishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe neza kandi kigabanya ibibazo bishobora kuba ibimenyetso byerekana ubudakemwa biterwa no gukora nabi.

4. Kwipimisha neza no gutezimbere:

Iyo prototype imaze kuzura, hagomba gukorwa igeragezwa ryuzuye kugirango hamenyekane ubunyangamugayo. Inzira itera yo kugerageza, kumenya ibibazo, no gushyira mubikorwa optimiz ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku bimenyetso byiza cyane.

Mu gusoza:

Kwihuta kwa PCB ukoresheje ubudahangarwa bwibimenyetso mubitekerezo bishobora kugorana, ariko mugukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gushushanya, gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho bya PCB, gukorana nababikora, no gukora ibizamini byerekana, injeniyeri zirashobora guhuza ubunyangamugayo mugihe mugihe cyihuse cyo kwisoko.Gushyira imbere ubudakemwa bwibimenyetso muburyo bwa prototyping butuma ibicuruzwa byanyuma bikora neza kandi byujuje ibyifuzo byinganda zigezweho za elegitoroniki.