Abashoferi ba PCB bakomeye kandi byoroshye: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye

Muri iyi blog, tuzasesengura ibintu bigira ingaruka zikomeye kandi zoroshye PCB kugirango tuzamure umusaruro wumuzunguruko wumuzunguruko no kunoza ibiciro byumuzunguruko.

Ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe (PCBs) nigice cyingenzi mubikoresho bya elegitoronike dukoresha uyumunsi. Yaba terefone zacu, mudasobwa zigendanwa, cyangwa ibikoresho byo murugo, PCBs igira uruhare runini mugutanga umurongo no guha ingufu ibyo bikoresho. Ariko, ibiciro byo gukora PCB birashobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu bitandukanye.

Igishushanyo mbonera:

Kimwe mubintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kubiciro bya PCB ni igishushanyo mbonera. Kurenza igishushanyo mbonera, nigiciro cyo gukora. Ibishushanyo bigoye akenshi bisaba kuzunguruka kandi bigoye, bisaba ubuhanga bwihariye bwo gukora nigihe cyinyongera. Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gusuzumwa mugihe ugereranije igiciro cya PCB.

Guhitamo ibikoresho:

Ikindi kintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kubiciro bya PCB ni uguhitamo ibikoresho. Ubusanzwe PCBs yubatswe hifashishijwe FR-4, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane bya flame-retardant bifite ibikoresho byiza byumuriro n amashanyarazi. Ariko, hariho itandukaniro mubwiza nubunini bwa FR-4, bishobora kugira ingaruka kubiciro rusange bya PCB. PCB ihindagurika, kurundi ruhande, koresha ibikoresho byoroshye byoroshye nka polyimide. Ibi bikoresho bihenze kuruta FR-4, bivamo igiciro kinini kuri PCB zoroshye.

Ingano yubuyobozi n'umubare w'ibyiciro:

Ingano n'umubare w'ibyiciro bya PCB nabyo bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo igiciro cyacyo. Ikibaho kinini cyangwa ikibaho gifite ibice byinshi bisaba ibikoresho byinshi nigihe cyo gukora, bigatuma ibiciro byiyongera. Byongeye kandi, gukora imbaho ​​nini zishobora gusaba ibikoresho nibikoresho byihariye, bikagira ingaruka kubiciro rusange. Nibyingenzi kuringaniza ingano nibisabwa hamwe nibikorwa bisabwa kugirango uhindure igiciro.

Ubucucike bw'ibigize:

Ubucucike bwibigize kuri PCB bugira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye. Ubucucike buri hejuru bisobanura ibice byinshi bipakiye mumwanya muto, bikavamo inzira igoye cyane hamwe nuduce duto. Kugera kubintu byinshi byuzuye bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse bwo gukora nko gucukura microvia hamwe na vias zegeranye, byongera igiciro rusange cya PCB. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa guhuza uburinganire hagati yubucucike bwibiciro nigiciro kugirango tumenye neza imikorere itabangamiye cyane kubiciro.

Umubare w'imyobo:

Gucukura umwobo nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa bya PCB kuko byoroshya guhuza ibice bitandukanye nibice bizamuka binyuze muri vias. Umubare nubunini bwibyobo byacukuwe bigira ingaruka cyane kubiciro byo gukora. Gucukura umwobo munini na muto, impumyi cyangwa zashyinguwe, hamwe na microvias byose bivamo ibiciro byiyongera bitewe nigihe cyongeweho kandi bigoye bisabwa mugikorwa cyo gucukura. Kugirango ugumane uburinganire hagati yimikorere nigiciro, umubare nubwoko bwimyobo igomba gutekerezwa neza.

Kuvura hejuru:

Gutegura isura nintambwe yingenzi mubikorwa bya PCB kugirango urinde ibimenyetso byumuringa okiside kandi urebe neza. Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura hejuru burahari nka HASL (Urwego rushyushye rwo kugurisha ikirere), ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) na OSP (Organic Solderability Preservative). Buri buryo bwo gutegura ubuso bufite ibiciro bitandukanye bifitanye isano, cyane cyane bigenwa nibikoresho bikenewe nakazi. Mugihe uhisemo neza neza kurangiza PCB yawe, ni ngombwa gusuzuma imikorere isabwa na bije.

Umubare w'urutonde:

Ingano ya PCB igira ingaruka ku giciro rusange. Umubare munini wurutonde akenshi bivamo ubukungu bwikigereranyo, aho ibiciro byo gukora bigabanuka. Ni ukubera ko ababikora bashobora guhindura imikorere yumusaruro wabo, kugabanya ibiciro byo gushiraho no koroshya ibikorwa kubicuruzwa byinshi. Kurundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa bito birashobora kwishyurwa byongeweho hamwe nibiciro byumusaruro, bigatuma bihenze cyane. Kubwibyo, gushyira ibicuruzwa binini bifasha kugabanya igiciro cya PCBs.

Amahitamo y'abatanga:

Guhitamo abatanga PCB nibyingenzi kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge kandi buhendutse. Abatanga ibintu bitandukanye barashobora kugira uburyo butandukanye bwibiciro ukurikije ubuhanga bwabo, ibikoresho, nubushobozi bwo gukora. Nibyingenzi gukora ubushakashatsi no gusuzuma abashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa, hitabwa kubintu nkizina ryabo, impamyabumenyi, inzira yo kugenzura ubuziranenge no gusuzuma abakiriya. Gukorana nabatanga isoko byizewe kandi bafite uburambe bifasha kugera kuburinganire bwiza hagati yikiguzi nubuziranenge.

Muri make

Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kubiciro bya PCBs kandi byoroshye.Igishushanyo mbonera, guhitamo ibikoresho, ingano yubuyobozi, ubwinshi bwibigize, umubare wibyobo bya drill, hejuru yubuso, gutondekanya ubwinshi no guhitamo abaguzi byose bigira ingaruka kubiciro byose. Mugusuzumana ubwitonzi ibi bintu no kwerekana uburinganire hagati yimikorere nubukungu, abakora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki barashobora guhindura ibiciro bya PCB mugihe bareba ubuziranenge nibikorwa byibyo bicuruzwa.