Gusiba nikibazo cyingenzi mubijyanye na rigid-flex yacapishijwe imbaho zumuzunguruko (PCBs).Yerekeza ku gutandukanya cyangwa gutandukanya ibice muri PCB, bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubikorwa byayo no kwizerwa.Gusiba birashobora guterwa nimpamvu zitandukanye, zirimo ibibazo mugihe cyo gukora PCB, tekinike yo guteranya idakwiye, hamwe no gufata nabi PCB.
Muri iyi ngingo, intego yacu ni ugucengera cyane mu mpamvu zitera gusiba imbaho zikomeye kandi tugashakisha uburyo bunoze bwo gukumira iki kibazo.Mugusobanukirwa intandaro no gufata ingamba zikwiye zo gukumira, abayikora nabayikoresha barashobora guhindura imikorere ya PCB no kugabanya ibyago byo gusiba.Byongeye kandi, tuzaganira ku ngamba zo kugabanya gukemura ikibazo (niba bibaye) kandi tumenye ko PCB ikomeje gukora neza.Hamwe n'ubumenyi bukwiye hamwe nuburyo bwiza, gusiba birashobora kugabanuka, byongera imikorere nubuzima bwaPCBs.
1.Sobanukirwa n'impamvu zo gutondeka:
Gusiba birashobora guterwa nibintu bitandukanye, harimo guhitamo ibikoresho, inzira yo gukora, ibidukikije
imiterere, hamwe no guhangayika.Kumenya no gusobanukirwa izi mpamvu ni ngombwa gushyira mubikorwa bikwiye
ingamba zo gukumira.Bimwe mubisanzwe bitera gusibanganya mu mbaho zikomeye zirimo:
Kuvura ubuso budahagije nimwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zo gusiba imbaho zikomeye.Isuku idahagije hamwe no kuvanaho umwanda birashobora kubuza guhuza neza hagati yinzego, bikaviramo guhuza intege nke no gutandukana.Kubwibyo, gutegura neza kubutaka, harimo gusukura no kuvanaho ibyanduye, nibyingenzi kugirango habeho guhuza neza no kwirinda gusiba.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bidakwiye nikindi kintu cyingenzi kiganisha kuri delamination.Guhitamo ibikoresho bidahuye cyangwa byujuje ubuziranenge bishobora kuvamo itandukaniro muri coefficient zo kwagura ubushyuhe hagati yimirongo no guhuza ibikoresho bidahagije.Itandukaniro ryumutungo ritera guhangayika no guhangayika mugihe cyamagare yubushyuhe, bigatuma ibice bitandukana.Gusuzumana ubwitonzi ibikoresho nibintu byabyo mugihe cyicyiciro cyo gushushanya ni ngombwa kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zo gusiba.
Byongeye kandi, gukira bidahagije cyangwa guhuza mugihe cyo gukora birashobora gutuma délamination.Ibi birashobora kubaho mugihe ibifatika bikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kumurika bidakize bihagije cyangwa tekinoroji yo guhuza itari yo.Umuti utuzuye cyangwa udahuza interlayer adhesion irashobora kuganisha kumihuza idahwitse, ishobora kuganisha kumurongo.Kubwibyo, kugenzura neza ubushyuhe, umuvuduko nigihe mugihe cyo kumurika ni ngombwa kugirango ubufatanye bukomeye kandi butajegajega.
Ubushyuhe nubushuhe bihinduka mugihe cyo gukora, guteranya, no gukora nabyo birashobora kugira uruhare runini mugusiba.Imihindagurikire minini yubushyuhe nubushuhe birashobora gutuma PCB yaguka cyane cyangwa ikurura ubushuhe, ibyo bikaba bitera guhangayika kandi bishobora gutera delamination.Kugira ngo ibyo bigabanuke, ibidukikije bigomba kugenzurwa no kunozwa kugira ngo hagabanuke ingaruka z’ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe.
Hanyuma, guhangayikishwa no gukanika mugihe cyo guterana cyangwa guterana birashobora kugabanya umubano hagati yurwego kandi biganisha kuri delamination.Gukoresha nabi, kunama, cyangwa kurenga imipaka yubushakashatsi bwa PCB birashobora gutuma PCB ihangayikishwa nubukanishi burenze imbaraga zubusabane.Kugirango wirinde gusibanganya, uburyo bukwiye bwo gufata neza bugomba gukurikizwa kandi PCB ntigomba gukorerwa kunama cyane cyangwa guhangayika birenze imipaka yabigenewe.
gusobanukirwa nimpamvu zo gusibanganya cyangwa gusibanganya imbaho zikomeye-flex ningirakamaro mugushira mubikorwa ingamba zo gukumira.Gutegura neza kubutaka, guhitamo ibikoresho nabi, gukira bidahagije cyangwa guhuza, ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwimihindagurikire, hamwe nihungabana ryimashini mugihe cyo gukora cyangwa guterana nimwe mubitera gusiba.Mugukemura izo mpamvu no gukoresha tekinike ikwiye mugihe cyo gukora, guteranya no gutunganya ibyiciro, ibyago byo gusibanganya birashobora kugabanuka, bityo bikazamura imikorere no kwizerwa bya PCBs ikomeye.
2.Ubuhanga bwo gukumira:
Kurinda gusibanganya imbaho zikomeye bisaba uburyo bwinshi, harimo gutekereza kubishushanyo, ibikoresho
guhitamo,inzira yo gukora, no gufata neza.Bumwe mu buryo bunoze bwo gukumira burimo
Ibishushanyo mbonera bigira uruhare runini mukurinda gusiba.Imiterere ya PCB yateguwe neza igabanya imihangayiko ahantu hiyunvikana kandi ishyigikira radiyo ikwiye, bikagabanya amahirwe yo gusiba.Ni ngombwa gusuzuma ubukanishi nubushyuhe PCB ishobora guhura nabyo mubuzima bwayo.Gukoresha viagisiyo cyangwa izunguruka hagati yinzego zegeranye zirashobora gutanga ubundi buryo bwo gutekinika no kugabanya ingingo yibandaho.Ubu buhanga bukwirakwiza imihangayiko iringaniye muri PCB, bigabanya ingaruka zo gusiba.Byongeye kandi, gukoresha indege z'umuringa mubishushanyo birashobora gufasha kongera imbaraga no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, bikagabanya neza amahirwe yo gusiba.
Guhitamo ibikoresho nibindi bintu byingenzi mukurinda gusiba.Nibyingenzi guhitamo ibikoresho bifite coefficient zisa zo kwagura ubushyuhe (CTE) kumurongo wibanze na flex.Ibikoresho bifite CTE bidahuye birashobora guhangayikishwa cyane nubushyuhe, biganisha kuri delamination.Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibikoresho byerekana guhuza muburyo bwo kwagura ubushyuhe burashobora gufasha kugabanya imihangayiko no kugabanya ibyago byo gusiba.Byongeye kandi, guhitamo ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe na laminates byateguwe byumwihariko kubibaho bikomeye-flex itanga umurongo ukomeye kandi uhamye birinda gusibanganya igihe.
Inzira yo gukora igira uruhare runini mukurinda gusibanganya.Kugumana ubushyuhe nyabwo no kugenzura umuvuduko mugihe cyo kumurika ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku isano ihagije hagati yinzego.Gutandukana gusabwa gukira ibihe nibisabwa birashobora guhungabanya imbaraga za PCB nubunyangamugayo, bikongerera amahirwe yo gusezererwa.Kubwibyo, kubahiriza byimazeyo inzira isabwa yo gukira ni ngombwa.Gukora automatike bifasha kunoza ubudahwema no kugabanya ibyago byamakosa yabantu, kwemeza ko inzira yo kumurika ikorwa neza.
Kugenzura ibidukikije ni ikindi kintu gikomeye mu gukumira gusiba.Gushiraho ibidukikije bigenzurwa mugihe gikomeye cyo gukora, kubika no gufata neza birashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwamazi bishobora kuganisha kumurongo.PCBs yunvikana nibidukikije, kandi ihindagurika ryubushyuhe nubushuhe bitera guhangayika no guhangayika bishobora gutera gusiba.Kubungabunga ibidukikije bigenzurwa kandi bihamye mugihe cya PCB nububiko bigabanya ibyago byo gusiba.Ububiko bukwiye, nko kugenzura ubushyuhe nubushuhe, nabyo ni ingenzi mu gukomeza ubusugire bwa PCB.
Gucunga neza no guhangayika nibyingenzi kugirango wirinde gutandukana.Abakozi bagize uruhare mu micungire ya PCB bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa akwiye kandi bagakurikiza inzira zikwiye kugirango bagabanye ingaruka zo gusezererwa kubera guhangayika.Irinde kunama cyane cyangwa kunama mugihe cyo guterana, gushiraho cyangwa gusana.Imyitozo ya mashini irenze imipaka yubushakashatsi bwa PCB irashobora guca intege isano hagati, biganisha kuri delamination.Gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukingira, nko gukoresha imifuka irwanya static cyangwa palette ya padi mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara, birashobora kurushaho kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika no gusezererwa.
Kwirinda gusibanganya imbaho zikomeye bisaba uburyo bwuzuye burimo gutekereza kubishushanyo mbonera, guhitamo ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gukora, no gufata neza.Gutegura imiterere ya PCB kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko, guhitamo ibikoresho bihuye na CTE bisa, gukomeza ubushyuhe bwuzuye no kugenzura umuvuduko mugihe cyo gukora, gushiraho ibidukikije bigenzurwa, no gushyira mubikorwa uburyo bukwiye bwo gucunga no guhangayika byose ni tekinike nziza yo gukumira.Ukoresheje ubwo buhanga, ibyago byo gusibanganya birashobora kugabanuka cyane, byemeza kwizerwa nigihe kirekire cyimikorere ya PCBs ikomeye.
3.Ingamba zo kugabanya ibicuruzwa:
Nubwo ingamba zo kwirinda, PCBs rimwe na rimwe zigira delamination.Ariko, hariho ingamba nyinshi zo kugabanya
ibyo birashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa kugirango ikibazo gikemuke no kugabanya ingaruka zacyo.Izi ngamba zirimo kumenya no kugenzura,
tekinike yo gusana tekinike, guhindura ibishushanyo, no gukorana nabakora PCB.
Kumenyekanisha no kugenzura bigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya gusiba.Igenzura risanzwe hamwe nibizamini birashobora gufasha gutahura hakiri kare kugirango ibikorwa bigerweho mugihe gikwiye.Uburyo bwo kwipimisha budahwitse nka x-ray cyangwa thermografiya birashobora gutanga isesengura rirambuye ryibice bishobora gutandukanwa, byoroshye gukemura ibibazo mbere yuko biba ikibazo.Mugutahura hakiri kare, harashobora gufatwa ingamba zo gukumira ibyangiritse no kwemeza ubusugire bwa PCB.
Ukurikije urwego rwo gusiba, tekinoroji yo gusana irashobora gukoreshwa.Ubu buhanga bugenewe gushimangira uduce duto no kugarura ubusugire bwa PCB.Gutoranya guhitamo bikubiyemo gukuraho no gusimbuza ibice byangiritse bya PCB kugirango bikureho.Gutera inshinge nubundi buhanga aho imiti yihariye yinjizwa ahantu hasibwe kugirango bitezimbere ubumwe no kugarura ubusugire bwimiterere.Kugurisha hejuru birashobora kandi gukoreshwa muguhuza delamination, bityo bigashimangira PCB.Ubu buhanga bwo gusana bufite akamaro mugukemura ibibazo no gukumira ibyangiritse.
Niba gusiba bibaye ikibazo gisubirwamo, igishushanyo mbonera gishobora gukorwa kugirango ikibazo gikemuke.Guhindura igishushanyo cya PCB nuburyo bwiza bwo gukumira gusibanganya kubaho mbere.Ibi birashobora guhindura guhindura imiterere ya stack ukoresheje ibikoresho cyangwa ibihimbano bitandukanye, guhindura ubugari bwurwego kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko no guhangayika, cyangwa gushyiramo ibikoresho byongera imbaraga mubice bikomeye bikunda guseswa.Guhindura ibishushanyo bigomba gukorwa kubufatanye ninzobere kugirango habeho igisubizo cyiza cyo gukumira gusiba.
Ubufatanye nuwakoze PCB nibyingenzi kugirango bagabanye gusiba.Gushiraho itumanaho rifunguye no gusangira amakuru ajyanye na porogaramu zihariye, ibidukikije n'ibisabwa mu mikorere birashobora gufasha ababikora gukora neza ibikoresho byabo.Gukorana nababikora bafite ubumenyi bwimbitse nubuhanga mubikorwa bya PCB, ibibazo byo gusiba birashobora gukemurwa neza.Barashobora gutanga ubushishozi bwingirakamaro, gutanga ibitekerezo, guhindura ibyifuzo, no gushyira mubikorwa tekinike yihariye yo gukora kugirango birinde gusenywa.
Ingamba zo kugabanya gukuraho zishobora gufasha gukemura ibibazo byo gusiba muri PCB.Kumenyekanisha no kugenzura ukoresheje ibizamini bisanzwe hamwe nuburyo budasenya ni ngombwa kugirango tumenye hakiri kare.Uburyo bwo gusana gusiba nko gutoranya gutoranya, gutera inshinge, no kugurisha hejuru birashobora gukoreshwa mugushimangira uduce duto no kugarura ubusugire bwa PCB.Guhindura ibishushanyo birashobora kandi gukorwa kubufatanye ninzobere kugirango birinde gutandukana.Hanyuma, gukorana nuwakoze PCB birashobora gutanga ibitekerezo byingirakamaro kandi bigahindura inzira nibikoresho kugirango bikemure neza ibibazo byo gusiba.Mugushira mubikorwa izi ngamba, ingaruka zo gusiba zirashobora kugabanuka, byemeza ko PCB yizewe kandi ikora.
Kurandura imbaho zikomeye zirashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere no kwizerwa byibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Gusobanukirwa icyabiteye no gushyira mubikorwa tekinike zo gukumira ningirakamaro kugirango ubungabunge PCB.Ibintu nko guhitamo ibikoresho, inzira zikora, kugenzura ibidukikije no gufata neza byose bigira uruhare runini mukugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no gusenya.Ibyago byo gusibanganya birashobora kugabanuka cyane urebye umurongo ngenderwaho, guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye, no gushyira mubikorwa inzira igenzurwa.Byongeye kandi, ubugenzuzi bunoze, gusana ku gihe, no gufatanya ninzobere birashobora gufasha gukemura ibibazo byo gusiba no kwemeza imikorere yizewe ya PCBs igoye cyane muburyo bwa elegitoronike.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-31-2023
Inyuma
