Rigid-flex yanditseho imbaho zumuzunguruko (PCBs) zirazwi cyane kuburyo zihoraho kandi ziramba muburyo butandukanye bwa elegitoroniki. Izi mbaho zizwiho ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira kunama no guhagarika umutima mugihe gikomeza amashanyarazi yizewe.Iyi ngingo izareba byimbitse ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri PCBs bigoye kugirango ubone ubushishozi kubijyanye nimiterere yabyo. Muguhishura ibikoresho bituma PCBs ikomera kandi yoroheje, dushobora kumva uburyo bigira uruhare mugutezimbere ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
1.Sobanukirwa naImiterere ya PCB ikomeye：
Ikomeye-flex PCB ni ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapishijwe gihuza ibice byoroheje kandi byoroshye kugirango bigire imiterere yihariye. Ihuriro rituma imbaho zumuzunguruko zigaragaza ibice bitatu-byumuzunguruko, bitanga igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nogutezimbere umwanya kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Imiterere yibibaho bigoye-bigizwe nibice bitatu byingenzi. Igice cya mbere nigice gikomeye, gikozwe mubintu bikomeye nka FR4 cyangwa icyuma. Uru rupapuro rutanga inkunga nuburyo butajegajega kuri PCB, bikomeza kuramba no kurwanya imihangayiko.
Igice cya kabiri ni igikoresho cyoroshye gikozwe mu bikoresho nka polyimide (PI), amazi ya kirisiti ya polymer (LCP) cyangwa polyester (PET). Uru rupapuro rwemerera PCB kunama, kugoreka no kugoreka bitagize ingaruka kumikorere y amashanyarazi. Ihinduka ryiki cyiciro ningirakamaro kuri porogaramu zisaba PCB guhuza ahantu hadasanzwe cyangwa hafunganye. Igice cya gatatu nicyuma gifatika, gihuza ibice bikomeye kandi byoroshye. Ubusanzwe iki gipimo gikozwe mubikoresho bya epoxy cyangwa acrylic, byatoranijwe kubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga umurunga ukomeye hagati yabyo mugihe unatanga ibikoresho byiza byamashanyarazi. Igice gifatika kigira uruhare runini mugukomeza kwizerwa nubuzima bwa serivisi bwibibaho bigoye.
Buri cyiciro muburyo bukomeye bwa PCB cyatoranijwe neza kandi cyashizweho kugirango cyuzuze ibisabwa byimashini n'amashanyarazi. Ibi bifasha PCB gukora neza muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu, kuva ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi kugeza kubikoresho byubuvuzi hamwe na sisitemu yo mu kirere.
2.Ibikoresho bikoreshwa muburyo bukomeye ：
Muburyo bukomeye bwubaka PCBs, ibikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa mugutanga inkunga ikenewe hamwe nubunyangamugayo. Ibi bikoresho byatoranijwe neza ukurikije ibiranga byihariye nibisabwa. Bimwe mubikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muburyo bukomeye muri PCBs zirimo:
A. FR4: FR4 nigikoresho gikomeye gikoreshwa cyane muri PCBs. Nibirahuri byongerewe imbaraga epoxy laminate ifite ibintu byiza byubushyuhe nubukanishi. FR4 ifite ubukana bwinshi, kwinjiza amazi make no kurwanya imiti myiza. Iyi miterere ituma iba nziza nkurwego rukomeye kuko itanga ubunyangamugayo buhebuje kandi butajegajega kuri PCB.
B. Polyimide (PI): Polyimide ni ibintu byoroshye kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukunze gukoreshwa mu mbaho zikomeye kubera ubushyuhe bwayo bwinshi. Polyimide izwiho kuba ifite amashanyarazi meza cyane kandi ikanakoreshwa neza, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza nk'ibice bikomeye muri PCBs. Igumana imiterere ya mashini na mashanyarazi nubwo ihura nubushyuhe bukabije, bigatuma ikwirakwira muburyo butandukanye.
C. Ibyuma Byibanze: Rimwe na rimwe, mugihe bisabwa gucunga neza ubushyuhe bwumuriro, ibikoresho byibanze byicyuma nka aluminium cyangwa umuringa birashobora gukoreshwa nkigice gikomeye muri PCBs. Ibi bikoresho bifite ubushyuhe buhebuje kandi birashobora gukwirakwiza neza ubushyuhe buturuka kumuzunguruko. Ukoresheje icyuma cyuma, imbaho zikomeye zirashobora gucunga neza ubushyuhe no kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma imiyoboro yizerwa kandi ikora.
Buri kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho gifite inyungu zacyo kandi cyatoranijwe hashingiwe kubisabwa byihariye bya PCB. Ibintu nkubushyuhe bwo gukora, guhangayikishwa nubushobozi bukenewe hamwe nubushobozi bwo gucunga ubushyuhe byose bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo guhuza PCB igoye kandi yoroheje.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko guhitamo ibikoresho byuburyo bukomeye muri PCBs bigoye cyane ni ikintu gikomeye cyibikorwa. Guhitamo ibikoresho neza byemeza uburinganire bwimiterere, imicungire yubushyuhe hamwe nubwizerwe muri PCB. Muguhitamo ibikoresho byiza, abashushanya barashobora gukora PCBs zujuje ubuziranenge zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa ninganda zinyuranye, zirimo ibinyabiziga, icyogajuru, ubuvuzi, n’itumanaho.
3.Ibikoresho bikoreshwa murwego rworoshye ：
Imiterere ihindagurika muburyo bukomeye PCBs yorohereza kugoreka no kugundira ibiranga imbaho. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa muburyo bworoshye bigomba kwerekana ibintu bihindagurika, byoroshye kandi birwanya kunama inshuro nyinshi. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bworoshye birimo:
A. Polyimide (PI): Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, polyimide ni ibintu byinshi bitandukanye bikora intego ebyiri muri PCBs ikomeye. Muri flex layer, yemerera ikibaho kunama no kugunama bidatakaje amashanyarazi.
B. Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP): LCP ni ibikoresho bikora cyane bya termoplastique bizwiho kuba bifite imashini nziza kandi birwanya ubushyuhe bukabije. Itanga ihinduka ryiza, ihagaze neza hamwe nubushyuhe bwo guhangana nubushakashatsi bukomeye bwa PCB.
C. Polyester (PET): Polyester nigiciro gito, cyoroheje gifite ibintu byoroshye kandi byoroshye. Bikunze gukoreshwa kuri PCBs igoye cyane aho igiciro-cyiza hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo kugonda ari ngombwa.
D. Polyimide (PI): Polyimide nikintu gikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bworoshye PCB bworoshye. Ifite imiterere ihindagurika, irwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Filime ya polyimide irashobora gutwikwa byoroshye, gushirwa hamwe no guhuzwa nibindi bice bya PCB. Barashobora kwihanganira kunama inshuro nyinshi badatakaje amashanyarazi, bigatuma biba byiza kuburyo bworoshye.
E. Amazi ya kirisiti ya kirisiti (LCP): LCP nigikoresho cyo hejuru cyane cya termoplastique ikoreshwa cyane nkigice cyoroshye muri PCBs. Ifite imashini nziza cyane, zirimo guhinduka cyane, guhagarara neza no guhangana nubushyuhe bukabije. Filime ya LCP ifite hygroscopicity nkeya kandi irakwiriye gukoreshwa mubidukikije. Bafite kandi imiti irwanya imiti kandi ihoraho ya dielectric, itanga imikorere yizewe mubihe bibi.
F. Polyester (PET): Polyester, izwi kandi nka polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ni ibintu byoroheje kandi bidahenze bikoreshwa muburyo bworoshye bwa PCBs. PET firime ifite ibintu byoroshye guhinduka, imbaraga zingana cyane hamwe nubushyuhe buhebuje. Izi firime zifite ubushyuhe buke kandi zifite ibikoresho byiza byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. PET ikunze guhitamo mugihe ikiguzi-cyiza hamwe nubushobozi buringaniye buringaniza nibintu byingenzi mugushushanya PCB.
G. Polyetherimide (PEI): PEI nubuhanga bukomeye bwa tekinoroji ya termoplastique ikoreshwa murwego rworoshye rwa PCBs yoroshye-ikomeye. Ifite imashini nziza cyane, zirimo guhinduka cyane, guhagarara neza no kurwanya ubushyuhe bukabije. PEI firime ifite ubushyuhe buke kandi irwanya imiti. Bafite kandi imbaraga nyinshi za dielectric hamwe nubushakashatsi bwamashanyarazi, bigatuma bikenerwa gusaba.
H. Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN): Ikaramu ni ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi byoroshye gukoreshwa muburyo bworoshye bwa PCBs. Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro, kwinjiza neza nubushuhe buhebuje. Ikaramu ya PEN irwanya cyane imirasire ya UV n'imiti. Bafite kandi dielectric nkeya ihoraho kandi nziza cyane yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Ikaramu ya PEN irashobora kwihanganira kunama no kuzunguruka bitagize ingaruka kumashanyarazi.
I. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS): PDMS ni ibintu byoroshye bya elastike bikoreshwa muburyo bworoshye bwa PCBs yoroshye kandi ikomeye. Ifite imashini nziza cyane, zirimo guhinduka cyane, gukomera no kurwanya kunama inshuro nyinshi. Filime ya PDMS nayo ifite ituze ryiza ryumuriro hamwe nubushakashatsi bwamashanyarazi. PDMS isanzwe ikoreshwa mubisabwa bisaba ibikoresho byoroshye, birambuye kandi byoroshye, nkibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byambara nibikoresho byubuvuzi.
Buri kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho gifite inyungu zacyo, kandi guhitamo ibikoresho bya flex layer biterwa nibisabwa byihariye bya PCB. Ibintu nko guhinduka, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya ubushuhe, gukoresha neza-ubushobozi hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugonda bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kurwego rworoshye muri PCB ikomeye. Gusuzumana ubwitonzi ibi bintu byemeza PCB kwizerwa, kuramba no gukora mubikorwa bitandukanye n'inganda.
4.Ibikoresho bifatika muri PCBs rig
Kugirango uhuze ibice bikomeye kandi byoroshye hamwe, ibikoresho bifatika bifashisha mubwubatsi bukomeye bwa PCB. Ibi bikoresho bihuza byerekana amashanyarazi yizewe hagati yurwego kandi bitanga inkunga ikenewe. Ibikoresho bibiri bikunze gukoreshwa ni:
A. Epoxy Resin: Epoxy resin-yifashishije imiti ikoreshwa cyane kubwimbaraga zayo zihuza hamwe nibintu byiza byamashanyarazi. Zitanga ubushyuhe bwiza kandi zizamura muri rusange ikibaho cyumuzunguruko.
b. Acrylic: Ibikoresho bifatika bishingiye kuri Acrylic bikundwa mubisabwa aho guhinduka no kurwanya ubushuhe ari ngombwa. Ibi bifata bifite imbaraga zo guhuza hamwe nigihe gito cyo gukira kuruta epoxies。
C. Silicone: Ibikoresho bifatika bishingiye kuri silicone bikunze gukoreshwa mubibaho bigoye cyane kubera guhinduka kwabyo, guhindagurika neza kwubushyuhe, no kurwanya ubushuhe n’imiti. Ibikoresho bya silicone birashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugari, bigatuma bikenerwa mubisabwa bisaba guhinduka no guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Zitanga umubano mwiza hagati yuburyo bukomeye kandi bworoshye mugihe gikomeza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikenewe.
D. Polyurethane: Ibikoresho bya Polyurethane bitanga impirimbanyi zoguhuza imbaraga nimbaraga zo guhuza PCBs zikomeye. Zifatanye neza na substrate zitandukanye kandi zitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya imiti nihindagurika ryubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bya polyurethane nabyo bikurura kunyeganyega kandi bigatanga umutekano muke kuri PCB. Bakunze gukoreshwa mubisabwa bisaba guhinduka no gukomera.
E Batanga guhuza byihuse no gukiza, bigatuma bikenerwa kubyara umusaruro mwinshi. UV-ishobora gukira itanga ibintu byiza cyane kubikoresho bitandukanye, harimo na substrate ikomeye kandi yoroheje. Berekana kandi imiti irwanya imiti n’imiterere y’amashanyarazi. UV-ishobora gukira isanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo bukomeye PCBs, aho ibihe byo gutunganya byihuse hamwe no kwizerwa byingirakamaro.
F. Umuvuduko ukabije wumuvuduko (PSA): PSA nigikoresho gifatika kigira umurunga mugihe igitutu gishyizwe. Batanga igisubizo cyoroshye, cyoroshye cyo guhuza PCBs ikomeye. PSA itanga neza kubutaka butandukanye, harimo insimburangingo zikomeye kandi zoroshye. Bemerera kwimurwa mugihe cyo guterana kandi birashobora gukurwaho byoroshye mugihe bikenewe. PSA itanga kandi ihinduka ryiza kandi ridahwitse, bigatuma ikenerwa na porogaramu zisaba PCB kunama no kunama.
Umwanzuro:
Rigid-flex PCBs nigice cyingenzi mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho, byemerera ibishushanyo mbonera byumuzingi mubikoresho byoroshye kandi bitandukanye. Ku ba injeniyeri n'abashushanya intego bagamije kunoza imikorere no kwizerwa kubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, ni ngombwa kumva ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubwubatsi bwabo. Iyi ngingo yibanze ku bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mubwubatsi bukomeye bwa PCB, harimo ibice byoroshye kandi byoroshye nibikoresho bifata. Urebye ibintu nko gukomera, guhinduka, kurwanya ubushyuhe nigiciro, abakora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki barashobora guhitamo ibikoresho byiza bashingiye kubyo basabwa byihariye. Yaba FR4 kubice bikomeye, polyimide kubice byoroshye, cyangwa epoxy yo guhuza, buri kintu kigira uruhare mukumenya kuramba no gukora bya PCBs bigoye cyane mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki yubu bigira uruhare runini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-16-2023
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