Akamaro ka tekinoroji ya PCB yoroheje kubinyabiziga byigenga

Abstract: Ibinyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga, bizwi kandi nk'ibinyabiziga byigenga, byahinduye inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga n'umutekano wazo wongerewe imbaraga, gukora neza, kandi byoroshye. Nka injeniyeri yubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko mu nganda zigenga ibinyabiziga byigenga, ni ngombwa kumenya akamaro k’ikoranabuhanga ryandika ryoroshye (PCB) mu gukora neza n’imikorere yibi binyabiziga bigezweho. Iyi ngingo itanga isesengura ryuzuye ryubushakashatsi hamwe nubushakashatsi bushingiye ku kamaro katekinoroji ya PCB yoroheje mumodoka yigenga, gushimangira uruhare rwayo mu kwemeza kwizerwa, guhuzagurika, no guhuza n'imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije bigoye bya sisitemu yigenga.

1. Intangiriro: Ihinduka rya paradigmme mu buhanga bwimodoka

Kugaragara kw'ibinyabiziga byigenga byerekana ihinduka rya paradizo mu ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka, ritangiza ibihe bishya byo kugenda no gutwara abantu. Izi modoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nkubwenge bwubuhanga, sensor fusion, hamwe na algorithm igezweho kugirango igende, yumve ibibakikije, kandi ifate ibyemezo byo gutwara ibinyabiziga itabigizemo uruhare. Inyungu zishobora guturuka ku binyabiziga byigenga ni nini, kuva kugabanya impanuka zo mu muhanda n’umubyigano kugeza ku korohereza abantu bafite ubushobozi buke. Ariko, kumenya izo nyungu biterwa no guhuza sisitemu ya elegitoroniki igezweho, kandi tekinoroji ya PCB ifite uruhare runini mugushoboza imikorere no kwizerwa byibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigoye bikoreshwa mumodoka yigenga.

2. GusobanukirwaIkoranabuhanga ryoroshye rya PCB

A. Incamake ya PCB Incamake Ikibaho cyoroshye cyacapwe cyumuzunguruko, gikunze kwitwa PCB cyoroshye, ni umuyoboro wihariye wa elegitoronike wagenewe gutanga amashanyarazi yizewe mugihe utanga ibintu byoroshye kandi byoroshye. Bitandukanye na PCBs gakondo zikomeye, zikorerwa kumasoko adahinduka nka fiberglass, PCBs yoroheje yubatswe kuri polymer yoroheje nka polyimide cyangwa polyester. Uyu mutungo udasanzwe ubemerera guhuza nubuso butari planari kandi bugahuza ahantu hagufi cyangwa hameze kuburyo budasanzwe, bikababera igisubizo cyiza kubidukikije bigabanijwe kandi bifite imbaraga mumodoka yigenga.

B. Ibyiza bya PCB byoroshye

Kwizerwa no Kuramba: PCB ihindagurika yashizweho kugirango ihangane no kugunama, kunyeganyega, no gusiganwa ku magare, bigatuma biba byiza gukoreshwa mu gukoresha ibinyabiziga biterwa n’imihindagurikire y’imiterere n’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe. Gukomera kwa PCB byoroshye bifasha kuzamura ubwizerwe no kuramba muri sisitemu ya elegitoroniki yimodoka yigenga, bigatuma imikorere ihoraho mugihe gikenewe.

Umwanya ukora neza: Imiterere yoroheje kandi yoroheje ya PCBs yoroheje ituma ikoreshwa neza ryumwanya mugihe gito cyibigize ibinyabiziga byigenga. Mugukuraho ibikenerwa byihuza byinshi kandi byakira uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha insinga, PCB zoroshye zirashobora korohereza iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryigenga ryigenga muguhuza ibikoresho bya elegitoronike muburyo butunganya imiterere rusange yimiterere yikinyabiziga.

Guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere bitandukanye: Guhindura no guhinduranya ibintu byoroshye PCBs bituma hashyirwaho ibintu bigoye kandi bitari ibya gakondo, bigaha injeniyeri umudendezo wo gukora sisitemu ya elegitoronike yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mu kirere hamwe n'imbogamizi zikoreshwa mu bikoresho byigenga. Uku guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ni ingenzi cyane mu guhuza ibyuma bya elegitoroniki, ibyuma byifashishwa, hamwe n’itumanaho mu buryo butandukanye kandi bugenda bwiyongera bw’imodoka zigenga.

3. Gukoresha tekinoroji ya PCB yoroheje mumodoka yo gutwara

A. Kwishyira hamwe kwa Sensor no Gutunganya Ibimenyetso Imodoka yikorera yonyine yishingikiriza kumurongo wa sensor, harimo lidar, radar, kamera, hamwe na sensor ya ultrasonic, kugirango yumve kandi asobanure ibidukikije.PCB yoroheje ifite uruhare runini mukworohereza kwinjiza ibyo byuma byimiterere yimodoka no kwemeza ko amakuru yukuri kandi yizewe yoherezwa mubice bikuru bitunganya. Ihinduka rya PCB ryemerera gukora sensor ya array ihuza imiterere yikinyabiziga, igahindura umurongo wo kureba no gukwirakwiza ibidukikije.

Mubyongeyeho, gutunganya ibimenyetso hamwe na algorithm ya data fusion ikoreshwa mubinyabiziga byigenga bisaba ibice bigenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike (ECUs) hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya.Tekinoroji ya PCB yoroheje ituma guterana neza, gukora neza kwi ECU, guhuza imiyoboro ihanitse kandi ihuza imirongo myinshi ikenerwa mugutunganya amakuru mugihe nyacyo, guhuza sensor no gufata ibyemezo muri sisitemu yigenga yigenga.

B. Sisitemu yo kugenzura no gutwara ibinyabizigaSisitemu yo kugenzura no gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga, harimo ibice nko kugenzura itumanaho rya elegitoroniki, kugenzura imiterere yo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, hamwe na sisitemu yo gufata feri mu buryo bwikora, bisaba interineti ikora neza kandi yishura neza. PCB ihindagurika yorohereza guhuza sisitemu zo kugenzura zidahwitse mugutanga ibisubizo bihuza bikora byizewe mumitwaro yimashini ikora kandi ibidukikije. Ukoresheje tekinoroji ya PCB yoroheje, abashakashatsi bumuzunguruko barashobora gushushanya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigenzura kandi byitabirwa cyane kugirango bongere umutekano n’imikorere yimodoka yigenga.

C. Itumanaho no guhuzaIbikorwa remezo by'itumanaho ku binyabiziga byigenga bishingiye ku muyoboro ukomeye wa elegitoroniki ihuza imiyoboro ya moteri ku binyabiziga (V2V) hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo (V2I) kimwe no guhuza amakuru aturuka hanze na serivisi zicu. PCB ihindagurika ituma imiyoboro itumanaho itoroshye hamwe na antenne zishyigikira ihererekanyamakuru ryihuse mugihe zujuje ubuziranenge kandi zigakora ibisabwa byimodoka yigenga. Guhuza n'imiterere ya PCB byoroshye bituma modulike yitumanaho yinjizwa mumiterere yikinyabiziga bitagize ingaruka ku kirere cyangwa mu bwiza, bityo bikorohereza guhuza no guhanahana amakuru bisabwa kugirango imirimo yigenga yigenga.

4

A. Inyigo 1. Mugukoresha tekinoroji ya PCB yoroheje, itsinda ryubwubatsi bwa Capel ryateguye neza ibyuma bifata ibyuma byerekana ibyuma bihuza imiterere yikinyabiziga, bitanga umwanya munini wo kureba kandi byongera ubushobozi bwo gutahura. Imiterere ihindagurika ya PCBs ituma hashyirwaho neza sensor mugihe uhanganye nihungabana ryimashini ryagaragaye mugihe cyimodoka, amaherezo bikagira uruhare mugutezimbere sensor fusion hamwe na algorithm ya imyumvire muri sisitemu yigenga.

B. Inyigisho ya 2. Mugukoresha tekinoroji ya PCB yoroheje, itsinda ryubwubatsi bwumuzunguruko wa Capel ryateje imbere ECU ntoya ifite imiyoboro ihanitse kandi ihuza imirongo myinshi, igabanya neza ikirenge cya module igenzura kandi ikomeza gukora amashanyarazi akomeye. PCB yoroheje kandi yoroheje irashobora kwinjiza ECU muburyo bwububiko bwikinyabiziga, ikagaragaza uruhare rukomeye rwikoranabuhanga rya PCB ryoroshye mugutezimbere miniaturizasi no kunoza imikorere yibikoresho bya elegitoronike kubinyabiziga byigenga.

5. Kazoza ka tekinoroji ya PCB yimodoka yigenga

Mugihe inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zikomeje gutera imbere, ejo hazaza h’ikoranabuhanga ryigenga ryigenga rifite amahirwe menshi mubijyanye no kurushaho guhanga udushya no guhuza sisitemu ya elegitoroniki igezweho. Tekinoroji ya PCB ihindagurika biteganijwe ko izagira uruhare runini mugutegura ejo hazaza, hamwe niterambere ryibanze ryibanda ku kuzamura imiterere, kwizerwa, nimikorere yibi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki yihariye. Ibice by'ingenzi by'iterambere birimo:

A. Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye (FHE):Iterambere rya FHE rihuza ibice gakondo bigoye hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye, bitanga amahirwe yo gukora sisitemu ya elegitoronike itandukanye kandi ihuza n'imodoka yigenga. Muguhuza ibyuma bya sensor, microcontrollers, hamwe nimbaraga zituruka kumasoko yoroheje, tekinoroji ya FHE isezeranya gutanga ibisubizo byoroshye kandi bitanga ingufu za elegitoronike mumodoka yigenga.

B. Guhanga udushya:Imbaraga za R&D zigamije gushakisha ibikoresho bishya hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryo gukora kugirango tunoze imikorere nigihe kirekire cya PCBs zoroshye. Iterambere ryibikoresho byoroshye, wino itwara, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora byongeweho biteganijwe ko bizana uburyo bushya bwo gukora imiyoboro ihamye, yumurongo mugari wa elegitoroniki ihuza imiyoboro ijyanye nibisabwa na sisitemu yimodoka yigenga.

C. Gushyiramo Ibyumviro no Gukora:Kwinjiza tekinoroji ya PCB yoroheje hamwe na elegitoroniki ishobora gucapurwa kandi irambuye itanga ubushobozi bwo gushira ibikorwa byo kwiyumvisha no gukora muburyo bwimiterere yimodoka yigenga. Ihuriro ryibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibikoresho byubaka bishobora koroshya iterambere ryimodoka zihuza kandi zishubije, nkibintu byubwenge hamwe na sisitemu yo guhuza ibitekerezo byateguwe, bigamije kuzamura umutekano nuburambe bwabakoresha ibinyabiziga byigenga.

6. Umwanzuro:

Akamaro k'ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye rya PCB mu binyabiziga byigenga Muri make, akamaro k'ikoranabuhanga rya PCB ryoroshye mu bijyanye n'ibinyabiziga byigenga ntigishobora kuvugwa. Nka injeniyeri yumuzunguruko mu nganda zigenga ibinyabiziga byigenga, ni ngombwa kumenya ko PCB zoroshye zigira uruhare runini muguhuza hamwe, kwizerwa, no guhuza na sisitemu ya elegitoronike ishyigikira imikorere yigenga. Porogaramu hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakozwe byerekana uruhare rukomeye rwikoranabuhanga rya PCB ryoroshye mugutezimbere iterambere no guhanga udushya twibinyabiziga byigenga, bikabishyira mubikorwa byingenzi byogutwara umutekano, gukora neza, kandi byubwenge.

Mugihe ikibuga cyimodoka gikomeje kugenda gitera imbere, abajenjeri bayobora umuzunguruko hamwe nabatekinisiye bagomba kuguma ku isonga ryiterambere rya PCB ryoroshye, bagakoresha ubushakashatsi bugezweho n’inganda nziza kugira ngo batere imbere muri sisitemu ya elegitoroniki yigenga. Mugukurikiza ibikenewe byikoranabuhanga rya PCB byoroshye, inganda zigenga ibinyabiziga zishobora gutwara ihuzwa ryubwubatsi bwimodoka na elegitoroniki, bigashiraho ejo hazaza aho ibinyabiziga byigenga bihinduka udushya kandi mubuhanga mubuhanga, bigashyigikirwa nishingiro ryibanze ryibisubizo byoroshye bya PCB. icyitegererezo.

Mu byingenzi, akamaro k’imodoka yigenga yoroheje ya tekinoroji ya PCB ntabwo ishingiye gusa mubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ibintu bya elegitoronike bigoye bya sisitemu yigenga ariko nanone mubushobozi bwayo bwo gutangiza ibihe bishya byubwubatsi bwimodoka ihuza guhinduka, guhuza n'imihindagurikire, no kwizerwa. Guteza imbere ibinyabiziga byigenga nkuburyo bwo gutwara bwizewe, burambye, kandi buhindura.