Gusobanukirwa SMT PCB Solder Briding: Impamvu, Gukumira no Gukemura

Ikiraro cya SMT kugurisha nikibazo gikunze guhura nabakora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki mugihe cyo guterana. Ibi bintu bibaho mugihe uwagurishije atabishaka ahuza ibice bibiri byegeranye cyangwa uduce tuyobora, bikavamo uruziga rugufi cyangwa imikorere yabangamiwe.Muri iki kiganiro, tuzacukumbura muburyo bukomeye bwibiraro byabagurisha SMT, harimo ibitera, ingamba zo gukumira, nibisubizo bifatika.

1.Ni ubuhe buryo bwa SMT PCB Solder Briding:

Ikiraro cya SMT kirazwi kandi nka "kugurisha bigufi" cyangwa "ikiraro cyagurishijwe," kibaho mugihe cyo guteranya ibikoresho bya tekinoroji yo hejuru (SMT) kubibaho byacapwe (PCB). Muri SMT, ibice byashyizwe kumurongo wa PCB, kandi paste yo kugurisha ikoreshwa mugukora amashanyarazi na mashini hagati yibigize na PCB. Mugihe cyo kugurisha, paste yo kugurisha ikoreshwa kuri padi ya PCB kandi ikayobora ibice bya SMT. PCB noneho irashyuha, bigatuma paste yagurisha gushonga no gutemba, bigatuma habaho isano hagati yibigize na PCB.

2.Impamvu zo Kuzamura ibicuruzwa bya SMT PCB:

Ikiraro cya SMT kigurisha kibaho mugihe habaye ihuriro ritateganijwe hagati yimyenda yegeranye cyangwa ikayobora ku kibaho cyacapwe (PCB) mugihe cyo guterana. Iyi phenomenon irashobora kuganisha kumurongo mugufi, guhuza nabi no kunanirwa muri rusange ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

Ikiraro cya SMT cyagurishijwe kirashobora kubaho kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, zirimo ingano yububiko bwa paste idahagije, igishushanyo mbonera cya stencil kitari cyo cyangwa kidahwitse, kugurisha ibicuruzwa bidahagije, guhuza PCB, hamwe n’ibisigisigi bikabije.Umubare udahagije wa paste pasteur nimwe mubitera ibiraro byabagurisha. Mugihe cyo gucapa stencil, kugurisha paste ikoreshwa kuri padi ya PCB hamwe nibiyobora. Niba udashyizeho paste ihagije yo kugurisha, ushobora kurangiza ufite uburebure buke bwo guhagarara, bivuze ko ntihazaba umwanya uhagije wa paste yo kugurisha kugirango uhuze neza ibice na padi. Ibi birashobora gutuma habaho gutandukanya ibice bidakwiye no gushiraho ibiraro byagurishijwe hagati yibice byegeranye. Igishushanyo mbonera cya stencil cyangwa kudahuza birashobora kandi gutera abagurisha ikiraro.

Ikirangantego cyateguwe nabi kirashobora gutera ibicuruzwa bitagabanijwe mugihe cyo kugurisha. Ibi bivuze ko hashobora kuba hari ibicuruzwa byinshi byagurishijwe mubice bimwe na bike cyane mubindi bice.Kugurisha kuringaniza kugurisha kugurisha birashobora gutera abagurisha ikiraro hagati yibice byegeranye cyangwa ahantu hayobora kuri PCB. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba ikaramu idahujwe neza mugihe cyo kugurisha ibicuruzwa, birashobora gutuma abadandaza babitsa nabi kandi bagakora ibiraro byabagurisha.

Kugurisha bidahagije kugurisha hamwe niyindi mpamvu yo kugurisha ikiraro. Mugihe cyo kugurisha, PCB hamwe na paste yagurishijwe ashyushya ubushyuhe bwihariye kugirango paste yuwagurishije ashonga kandi atemba kugirango ahuze ingingo zigurisha.Niba imiterere yubushyuhe cyangwa igenamiterere ridashyizweho neza, paste yo kugurisha ntishobora gushonga rwose cyangwa gutemba neza. Ibi birashobora kuvamo gushonga kutuzuye no gutandukana bidahagije hagati yamakariso yegeranye cyangwa ayobora, bikavamo kugurisha ikiraro.

Kwanduza PCB nimpamvu isanzwe itera abagurisha ibiraro. Mbere yo kugurisha, ibyanduye nkumukungugu, ubushuhe, amavuta, cyangwa ibisigazwa bya flux birashobora kuboneka hejuru ya PCB.Ibi bihumanya birashobora kubangamira gutembera neza no gutembera kwabagurisha, bigatuma byoroha kubagurisha gukora amasano atabigambiriye hagati yipaki yegeranye cyangwa isasu.

Ibisigisigi birenze urugero birashobora kandi gutuma ibiraro byabagurisha bikora. Flux ni imiti ikoreshwa mugukuraho okiside hejuru yicyuma no guteza imbere kugurisha mugihe cyo kugurisha.Ariko, niba flux idasukuwe bihagije nyuma yo kugurisha, irashobora gusiga ibisigara. Ibisigisigi birashobora gukora nkigikoresho kiyobora, cyemerera uwagurishije gukora imiyoboro idateganijwe hamwe nikiraro cyagurishijwe hagati yipaki yegeranye cyangwa ikayobora kuri PCB.

3. Ingamba zo gukumira ibiraro bigurisha SMT PCB:

A. Hindura neza igishushanyo mbonera no guhuza: Kimwe mubintu byingenzi mukurinda ibiraro byabagurisha ni uguhindura igishushanyo mbonera no kwemeza guhuza neza mugihe cyo kugurisha ibicuruzwa.Ibi bikubiyemo kugabanya ubunini bwa aperture kugirango ugenzure ingano ya paste yagurishijwe yashyizwe kuri padi ya PCB. Ingano ntoya ya pore ifasha kugabanya amahirwe yo kugurisha ibirenze gukwirakwizwa no gutera ikiraro. Byongeye kandi, kuzenguruka impande zumwobo wa stencil birashobora guteza imbere kugurisha neza kugurisha no kugabanya impengamiro yo kugurisha ikiraro hagati yikariso yegeranye. Gushyira mubikorwa tekinike yo kurwanya ibiraro, nko kwinjiza ibiraro bito cyangwa icyuho mubishushanyo mbonera, birashobora kandi gufasha gukumira ikiraro cyabacuruzi. Ibi biranga gukumira ikiraro bitera inzitizi yumubiri ibuza urujya n'uruza rwagati hagati yamakariso yegeranye, bityo bikagabanya amahirwe yo gushiraho ikiraro cyabacuruzi. Guhuza neza inyandikorugero mugihe cyo gushira ni ngombwa kugirango habeho umwanya ukenewe hagati yibigize. Kudahuza bivamo kugurisha paste idahwanye, ibyo bikaba byongera ibyago byo kugurisha ibiraro. Gukoresha sisitemu yo guhuza nka sisitemu yo kureba cyangwa guhuza laser birashobora kwemeza neza gushyira stencil neza kandi bikagabanya kugaragara kwikiraro cyagurishijwe.

B. Kugenzura ingano ya paste yagurishijwe: Kugenzura ingano ya paste yagurishijwe ningirakamaro kugirango wirinde kurenza urugero, bishobora gutuma ikiraro kigurishwa.Ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo kumenya umubare mwiza wogurisha paste. Harimo ibice bigize ibice, ubunini bwa stencil, nubunini bwa padi. Gutandukanya ibice bigira uruhare runini mukumenya umubare uhagije wa paste ukenewe. Kwegera ibice biri hafi, paste nkeya yo kugurisha irakenewe kugirango wirinde ikiraro. Ubunini bwa Stencil bugira ingaruka no ku mubare wa paste paste wabitswe. Ikaramu ndende ikunda kubitsa ibicuruzwa byinshi, mugihe uduce duto duto dukunda kubitsa make. Guhindura umubyimba wa stencil ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye byo guterana kwa PCB birashobora gufasha kugenzura ingano ya paste yakoreshejwe. Ingano yipaki kuri PCB nayo igomba kwitabwaho mugihe hagenwe umubare ukwiye wa paste. Ibipapuro binini birashobora gusaba kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi, mugihe udupapuro duto dushobora gusaba kugurisha gake. Gusesengura neza izi mpinduka no guhindura ingano ya paste yagurishijwe ukurikije ibyo birashobora gufasha gukumira ibicuruzwa byinshi byagurishijwe kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo gushiraho ikiraro.

C. Menya neza ko abagurisha bahurijwe hamwe: Kugera kubigurisha bikwiye hamwe ningirakamaro mukurinda ibiraro byabagurisha.Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira mubikorwa ubushyuhe bukwiye, ibihe byo gutura, hamwe no kugena igenamiterere mugihe cyo kugurisha. Ubushyuhe bwerekana ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha no gukonjesha PCB inyuramo mugihe cyo kugaruka. Umwirondoro wubushyuhe wasabwe kubigurisha byihariye byakoreshejwe bigomba gukurikizwa. Ibi bituma gushonga byuzuye no gutembera kwa paste yagurishijwe, bigatuma habaho guhanagura neza ibice biganisha hamwe na padi ya PCB mugihe birinda kugaruka bidahagije cyangwa bituzuye. Igihe cyo gutura, bivuga igihe PCB ihura nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo hejuru, nayo igomba gusuzumwa neza. Igihe gihagije cyo gutura cyemerera uwagurishije paste kugurisha neza no gukora ibice bisabwa hagati, bityo bikazamura ireme ryumugurisha. Igihe cyo gutura kidahagije gitera gushonga bidahagije, bikaviramo guhuza ibicuruzwa bituzuye kandi byongera ibyago byo kugurisha ibiraro. Kugaragaza igenamiterere, nk'umuvuduko wa convoyeur n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bigomba kuba byiza kugirango ushire neza kandi ushimangire paste yagurishijwe. Nibyingenzi kugenzura umuvuduko wa convoyeur kugirango ugere kubushyuhe buhagije hamwe nigihe gihagije kugirango paste yagurishijwe atemba kandi akomere. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugomba gushyirwaho kurwego rwiza kuri paste yihariye yo kugurisha, kwemeza ko bigaruka byuzuye bitarinze kugurisha cyane cyangwa kubiraro.

D. Gucunga isuku ya PCB: Gucunga neza isuku ya PCB nibyingenzi mukurinda ikiraro cyabacuruzi.Kwanduza hejuru ya PCB birashobora kubangamira kugurisha ibicuruzwa kandi bikongerera amahirwe yo gushiraho ikiraro cyagurishijwe. Kurandura umwanda mbere yo gusudira ni ngombwa. Gusukura neza PCB ukoresheje ibikoresho byogusukura hamwe nubuhanga bizafasha gukuraho ivumbi, ubushuhe, amavuta, nibindi byanduza. Ibi byemeza ko kugurisha ibicuruzwa bihanagura neza amakariso ya PCB hamwe nibice biganisha, bikagabanya amahirwe yo kugurisha ibiraro. Byongeye kandi, kubika neza no gufata neza PCBs, kimwe no kugabanya imikoranire yabantu, birashobora gufasha kugabanya kwanduza no gukomeza isuku yose.

E. Kugenzura nyuma yo kugurisha no gukora: Gukora igenzura ryuzuye no kugenzura neza (AOI) nyuma yuburyo bwo kugurisha nibyingenzi kugirango hamenyekane ikibazo cyikiraro cyabacuruzi.Kumenya byihuse ibiraro byabagurisha bituma gukora no gusana mugihe gikwiye kugirango bikosore ikibazo mbere yo gutera ibindi bibazo cyangwa kunanirwa. Igenzura ryerekanwa ririmo kugenzura neza ingingo zagurishijwe kugirango hamenyekane ibimenyetso byose biranga abagurisha. Ibikoresho byo gukuza, nka microscope cyangwa loupe, birashobora gufasha kumenya neza ko hari ikiraro cy amenyo. Sisitemu ya AOI ikoresha tekinoroji yubugenzuzi bushingiye kumashusho kugirango ihite imenya no kumenya inenge zagurishijwe. Sisitemu irashobora gusikana byihuse PCBs kandi igatanga isesengura rirambuye kubagurisha ubuziranenge, harimo no kuba ikiraro. Sisitemu ya AOI ni ingirakamaro cyane mugushakisha ibiraro bito, bigoye kubona ibiraro byabagurisha bishobora kubura mugihe cyo kugenzura. Ikiraro cyagurishijwe kimaze kuvumburwa, kigomba kongera gukorwa no gusanwa ako kanya. Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha ibikoresho nubuhanga bukwiye kugirango ukureho ibicuruzwa birenze no gutandukanya ikiraro. Gufata ingamba zikenewe zo gukosora ibiraro byabagurisha ningirakamaro kugirango wirinde ibindi bibazo no kwemeza kwizerwa ryibicuruzwa byarangiye.

4. Ibisubizo bifatika kuri SMT PCB Solder Bridging:

A. Gukoresha intoki: Kubiraro bito byabagurisha, kuvanaho intoki nigisubizo cyiza, ukoresheje icyuma cyiza cyo kugurisha munsi yikirahure kinini kugirango ugere no gukuraho ikiraro cyagurishijwe.Iri koranabuhanga risaba gufata neza kugirango wirinde kwangirika kubice bikikije cyangwa ahantu hayobora. Kugira ngo ukureho ibiraro byagurishijwe, shyushya hejuru yicyuma cyagurishijwe hanyuma ubishyire witonze kubagurisha birenze, ubishongeshe kandi ubimure munzira. Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko isonga ry'icyuma kigurisha ridahura nibindi bice cyangwa uduce kugirango birinde kwangiza. Ubu buryo bukora neza aho ikiraro cyagurishijwe kigaragara kandi kigerwaho, kandi hagomba kwitonderwa gukora ingendo zuzuye kandi zigenzurwa.

B. Koresha ibyuma byo kugurisha hamwe nuwagurishije kugirango ukore: Gukora ukoresheje icyuma cyo kugurisha hamwe ninsinga zagurishijwe (bizwi kandi nka desoldering braid) nubundi buryo bwiza bwo gukuraho ibiraro byabagurishijwe.Igicuruzwa cyagurishijwe gikozwe mu nsinga zoroshye z'umuringa zometseho flux kugirango zifashe mugikorwa cyo gusenyuka. Kugira ngo ukoreshe ubu buhanga, icyuma cyagurishijwe gishyirwa hejuru yuwagurishije cyane kandi ubushyuhe bwicyuma bugurishwa bugashyirwa kumurongo wagurishijwe. Ubushyuhe bushonga uwagurishije kandi wick ikurura uwagurishije gushonga, bityo ikayikuraho. Ubu buryo busaba ubuhanga nubusobanuro kugirango wirinde kwangiza ibice byoroshye, kandi umuntu agomba kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe bihagije ku kiraro cyagurishijwe. Iyi nzira irashobora gukenera gusubirwamo inshuro nyinshi kugirango ikureho burundu uwagurishije.

C. Kumenyekanisha no kugurisha ikiraro cyikora: Sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho ifite tekinoroji yo kureba imashini irashobora kumenya byihuse ibiraro byabagurisha kandi ikaborohereza kuyikuramo binyuze mumashanyarazi ya laser cyangwa tekinoroji yindege.Ibi bisubizo byikora bitanga ubunyangamugayo nuburyo bunoze mugushakisha no gukuraho ibiraro byagurishijwe. Sisitemu yo kureba imashini ikoresha kamera hamwe nogutunganya amashusho algorithms kugirango isesengure ubuziranenge bwabacuruzi no kumenya ibintu byose bidasanzwe, harimo ibiraro byabagurisha. Bimaze kumenyekana, sisitemu irashobora gukurura uburyo butandukanye bwo gutabarana. Bumwe muri ubwo buryo ni uburyo bwo gushyushya laser, aho laser ikoreshwa muguhitamo ubushyuhe no gushonga ikiraro cyagurishijwe kugirango gishobore kuvaho byoroshye. Ubundi buryo bukubiyemo gukoresha indege ihanamye ikoresha umwuka ugenzurwa no guhumeka uwagurishije birenze bitagize ingaruka kubice bikikije. Sisitemu zikoresha zikoresha igihe n'imbaraga mugihe zitanga ibisubizo bihamye kandi byizewe.

D. Koresha ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe kugurisha: Kugurisha imivurungano yatoranijwe nuburyo bwo kwirinda bugabanya ibyago byikiraro cyabacuruzi mugihe cyo kugurisha.Bitandukanye no kugurisha imiraba gakondo, yibiza PCB yose mumurongo wumudandaza ushongeshejwe, kugurisha imivurungano ikoreshwa gusa kugurisha ibicuruzwa byashongeshejwe ahantu runaka, bikarenga ibice byikiraro byoroshye cyangwa ahantu hayobora. Iri koranabuhanga rigerwaho hifashishijwe nozzle igenzurwa neza cyangwa yimuka yo gusudira yimuka igana ahantu hifuzwa. Muguhitamo guhitamo uwagurishije, ibyago byo kugurisha bikabije gukwirakwizwa no kuraro birashobora kugabanuka cyane. Kugurisha ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe bigira akamaro cyane cyane kuri PCB hamwe nuburyo bugoye cyangwa ibice byinshi cyane aho ibyago byo kugurisha ikiraro ari byinshi. Itanga igenzura ryinshi nukuri mugihe cyo gusudira, bigabanya amahirwe yo kugurisha ibiraro bibaho.

Muri make, Ikiraro cya SMT ikiraro nikibazo gikomeye gishobora kugira ingaruka mubikorwa byo gukora nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa mu bicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki. Ariko, mugusobanukirwa ibitera no gufata ingamba zo gukumira, ababikora barashobora kugabanya cyane kugaragara kwikiraro cyabacuruzi. Gutezimbere igishushanyo cya stencil ningirakamaro kuko itanga neza kugurisha ibicuruzwa neza kandi bikagabanya amahirwe yo kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi bitera ikiraro. Byongeye kandi, kugenzura ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe hamwe no kwerekana ibipimo nkubushyuhe nigihe birashobora gufasha kugera kubintu byiza byagurishijwe hamwe no kwirinda ikiraro. Kugira isuku ya PCB ni ngombwa mu gukumira ikiraro cy’abagurisha, bityo rero ni ngombwa kureba neza no kuvanaho ibyanduye cyangwa ibisigazwa byose ku kibaho. Uburyo bwo kugenzura nyuma yo gusudira, nk'ubugenzuzi bugaragara cyangwa sisitemu zikoresha, birashobora kumenya ko hari ibiraro bigurishwa kandi bikoroha gukora ku gihe kugira ngo bikemuke. Mugushira mubikorwa izo ngamba zo gukumira no guteza imbere ibisubizo bifatika, abakora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki barashobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’ikiraro cya SMT no kwemeza ko hakorwa ibikoresho byizewe kandi byujuje ubuziranenge. Sisitemu ikomeye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge hamwe nimbaraga zihoraho zo kunoza nabyo birakenewe mugukurikirana no gukemura ibibazo byose byagurishijwe byabacuruzi. Mu gutera intambwe iboneye, abayikora barashobora kongera umusaruro, kugabanya ibiciro bijyanye no gukora no gusana, hanyuma amaherezo bagatanga ibicuruzwa byujuje cyangwa birenze ibyo abakiriya bategereje.